Abstract:In this work, we explore the possibility of enhancing a spin current under a thermal switch, i.e., connecting the central transport region to two leads in individual thermal equilibrium abruptly. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function method for the transient spin current, we obtain a closed-form solution, which is applicable in the whole nonlinear quantum transport regime with a significant reduction of computational complexity. Furthermore, we perform a model calculation on a single-level quantum dot with… Show more
“…The detailed expressions of each term in equation ( 11) can be found in [27]. The NEFG-DFT-CAP fast algorithm has been successfully used to investigate of transient current [25,42], transient heat current [43], and transient spin transfer torque [44] recently.…”
Section: Structure and Theoretical Formulaementioning
The validity of high frequency technique and time-domain measurement to nanoscale electronic devices provides an imperious demand to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and nonlinear responses accompanied with material science in theory. In this work, we carried out a first principles calculation to research the dynamic response in both frequency and time domain of a nanoscale Cu/black phosphorus (Cu/BP) transistor. The system shows n-type transport behaviors due to the charge transfer from the Cu/BP contact to the central BP section, which is different from the p-type pristine BP transistor. By adjusting the gate voltage, on-off ratio of conductance can reach up to 10 3 which is expected to further increase with the length of the central BP section. The Cu/BP transistor always shows capacitive-like behaviors even at high frequency, and cut-off frequency is estimated up to 75 THz. Transient current evolution shows abundant quantum scattering behaviors, and two important time scales were analyzed. The tune-on time is comparable to the Fermi velocity of pristine BP, and is roughly independent of the magnitudes of bias voltages. The relaxation time is roughly hundreds of femtoseconds, which corresponds to the cut-off frequency up to a point and can be further reduced by dephasing effect. The rapid response of hundreds of femtoseconds indicates that the Cu/BP transistor maybe work as high frequency nanoscale electronic device.
“…The detailed expressions of each term in equation ( 11) can be found in [27]. The NEFG-DFT-CAP fast algorithm has been successfully used to investigate of transient current [25,42], transient heat current [43], and transient spin transfer torque [44] recently.…”
Section: Structure and Theoretical Formulaementioning
The validity of high frequency technique and time-domain measurement to nanoscale electronic devices provides an imperious demand to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and nonlinear responses accompanied with material science in theory. In this work, we carried out a first principles calculation to research the dynamic response in both frequency and time domain of a nanoscale Cu/black phosphorus (Cu/BP) transistor. The system shows n-type transport behaviors due to the charge transfer from the Cu/BP contact to the central BP section, which is different from the p-type pristine BP transistor. By adjusting the gate voltage, on-off ratio of conductance can reach up to 10 3 which is expected to further increase with the length of the central BP section. The Cu/BP transistor always shows capacitive-like behaviors even at high frequency, and cut-off frequency is estimated up to 75 THz. Transient current evolution shows abundant quantum scattering behaviors, and two important time scales were analyzed. The tune-on time is comparable to the Fermi velocity of pristine BP, and is roughly independent of the magnitudes of bias voltages. The relaxation time is roughly hundreds of femtoseconds, which corresponds to the cut-off frequency up to a point and can be further reduced by dephasing effect. The rapid response of hundreds of femtoseconds indicates that the Cu/BP transistor maybe work as high frequency nanoscale electronic device.
“…This makes it possible to address spin-transport phenomena and spintronics applications, such as magnetic tunnel junctions [90,[354][355][356][357]. Thermal gradients have also been found to enhance spin currents in the transient regime [358]. The energy scales of the associated mechanisms are typically fairly small compared to, for example, electronic transitions.…”
We review one of the most versatile theoretical approaches to the study of time-dependent correlated quantum transport in nano-systems: the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Within this formalism, one can treat, on the same footing, inter-particle interactions, external drives and/or perturbations, and coupling to baths with a (piece-wise) continuum set of degrees of freedom. After a historical overview on the theory of transport in quantum systems, we present a modern introduction of the NEGF approach to quantum transport. We discuss the inclusion of inter-particle interactions using diagrammatic techniques, and the use of the so-called embedding and inbedding techniques which take the bath couplings into account non-perturbatively. In various limits, such as the non-interacting limit and the steady-state limit, we then show how the NEGF formalism elegantly reduces to well-known formulae in quantum transport as special cases. We then discuss non-equilibrium transport in general, for both particle and energy currents. Under the presence of a time-dependent drive -- encompassing pump--probe scenarios as well as driven quantum systems -- we discuss the transient as well as asymptotic behavior, and also how to use NEGF to infer information on the out-of-equilibrium system. As illustrative examples, we consider model systems general enough to pave the way to realistic systems. These examples encompass one- and two-dimensional electronic systems, systems with electron--phonon couplings, topological superconductors, and optically responsive molecular junctions where electron--photon couplings are relevant.
“…This makes it possible to address spin-transport phenomena and spintronics applications, such as magnetic tunnel junctions [90,[308][309][310][311]. Thermal gradients have also been found to enhance spin currents in the transient regime [312]. The energy scales of the associated mechanisms are typically fairly small compared to, for example, electronic transitions.…”
We review one of the most versatile theoretical approaches to the study of time-dependent correlated quantum transport in nano-systems: the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Within this formalism, one can treat, on the same footing, inter-particle interactions, external drives and/or perturbations, and coupling to baths with a (piece-wise) continuum set of degrees of freedom. After a historical overview on the theory of transport in quantum systems, we present a modern introduction of the NEGF approach to quantum transport. We discuss the inclusion of inter-particle interactions using diagrammatic techniques, and the use of the so-called embedding and inbedding techniques which take the bath couplings into account non-perturbatively. In various limits, such as the non-interacting limit and the steady-state limit, we then show how the NEGF formalism elegantly reduces to well-known formulae in quantum transport as special cases. We then discuss nonequilibrium transport in general, for both particle and energy currents. Under the presence of a time-dependent drive -encompassing pump-probe scenarios as well as driven quantum systems -we discuss the transient as well as asymptotic behavior, and also how to use NEGF to infer information on the out-of-equilibrium system.As illustrative examples, we consider model systems general enough to pave the way to realistic systems. These examples encompass one-and two-dimensional electronic systems, systems with electron-phonon couplings, topological superconductors, and optically responsive molecular junctions where electron-photon couplings are relevant.
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