Transglutaminase-Mediated Gelatin Matrices Incorporating Cell Adhesion Factors as a Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering.

Abstract

The goal of this work was to develop a novel biomaterial to be used for either wound dressing or as a scaffold for tissue engineering. The biodegradable hydrogels were prepared through cross-linking of gelatin with transglutaminase (TGase) in an aqueous solution. We found that the concentrations of 5 wt% gelatin and 1 unit/ml TGase were optimum for the proliferation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Then, we investigated whether the cell proliferation was enhanced by incorporation of cell adhesion factors into the gelatin hydrogels. Since vitronectin and fibronectin can bind with gelatin by the action of TGase, we added these cell adhesion proteins into the gelatin hydrogels. The hydrogels incorporating these cell adhesion proteins significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared with the gelatin hydrogels without these proteins (p<0.05). Two types of synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides, RGDLLQ and RGDLLG were also added to the gelatin solution where RGDLLQ is a substrate of TGase by virtue of a glutamine (Q) residue with an epsilon-amino group and RGDLLG is not. These two RGD peptides enhanced cell proliferation, but RGDLLQ significantly enhanced the proliferation compared with RGDLLG (p<0.05). These results suggest that T-Gase-mediated incorporation of cell adhesion factors into gelatin matrices enhanced cell proliferation and this novel biomaterial is a potent tool for wound dressing or tissue engineering.

From natural bone grafts to tissue engineering therapeutics: Brainstorming on pharmaceutical formulative requirements and challenges

“…Among these, great attention was given to chitosan, [239][240][241][242] alginate, 207,243,244 gelatin, 216,245-248 silk, [249][250][251][252][253][254] and their hybrids. [255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267] More recently, fibrin glue-based grafts have been proposed based on the observation that a fibrin clot occurs in the initial phases of the secondary healing process. [268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275] Fibrin-glue has been used alone, or in presence of cells, hydroxyapatite and other ceramic particles, or enriched with platelet rich plasma and other growth factors with promising results.…”

Development and characterization of pectin/gelatin hydrogel membranes for wound dressing

“…In addition, gelatin is much cheaper than collagen. Recently, gelatin-based biomaterials have been applied to artificial skin, bone grafts, and scaffolds for tissue engineering [22][23][24][25]. It has been widely used in wound dressing materials and controlled release systems [26][27][28][29].…”

Tensile properties, cell adhesion, and drug release behavior of chitosan-silver-gelatin nanohybrid films and scaffolds

“…6 Enzymatically cross-linked gelatin gels have been shown to be biocompatible to both human and bacterial cells and both have been crosslinked into three dimensional matrices of gelatin with good cell survival. [7][8][9] Gelatin/chitosan biopolymer systems have a distinct advantage because of their superior biocompatibility and low costs. Thus, we have chosen gelatin and chitosan as a material for the present investigation.…”