Transformation of steroids by Trichoderma hamatum

Bartmańska, Agnieszka; Dmochowska-Gładysz, Jadwiga

doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.11.011

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The mechanisms include competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis, antagonism, inhibition of pathogen enzymes and plant growth stimulation (Harman et al, 2004;Abdel-Khair et al, 2010). Also, different foliar diseases of plant were effectively controlled with each or more species of these bioagents when they were sprayed on susceptible plants (Bartmanska and Gladysz, 2006;Hilal et al, 2009;Ragab et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Control of Dracaena marginata Leaf Spots in Northern Egypt

Hilal¹,

El-Argawy²,

Korany³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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Six common fungicides, Dithane M45, Kocide 2000, Ridomil Gold Plus, Score, Equation Pro and Kemazed were tested for controlling the draceana leaf spot fungi. All the tested fungicides significantly decreased the in vitro growth of the tested dracaena leaf spot fungi. Percentage of inhibition on colony diameter ranged between 49.64% with Dithane M45 to 82.18% with Score which was followed by Kemazed (69.15%). However, inhibition of spore germination was the highest (72.8%) by Dithane M45, while inhibition of germ tube reached 89.91% with Kemazed. Meanwhile, in the in vivo tests, treatment with Kemazed decreased disease incidence of leaf spots on potted plants to 16.67% compared to 100% for the untreated inoculated control. On the other hand, the bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents tested proved to be effective against the dracaena leaf spot fungi. The in vitro assays conducted showed that the bacterial biocontrol agents namely, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas ultimum, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, significantly decreased colony growth diameter (76.84-45.69%) of dracaena leaf spot fungi as well as spore germination (48.80-23.20%) and length of germ tube (88.77-65.65%) of the germinated spores compared to untreated control. Treatment with S. maltophilia showed the most consistent highest inhibition effect, followed by P. ultimum, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium, respectively. The in vivo tests of the most effective bacterial bioagents supported the in vitro results. Treatment with S. maltophilia showed the highest effect as it decreased disease incidence and disease index to 29.33% and 7.6%, respectively in comparison with 100% and 83.6% for the untreated inoculated control in the potted dracaena plants (cv. Bicolor). Meanwhile, the in vitro tests of the three Trichoderma spp., i.e. T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. album showed significant inhibition effect on colony growth diameter of the tested dracaena leaf spot fungi in which T. harzianum showed the highest inhibition effect (75.02%), while T. album was most effective to inhibit spore germination (48%) and germ tube (90.21%) of the germinated spores. The in vivo tests of the fungal biocontrol agents supported the in vitro results. T. album (Bio-Zeid) showed the highest effect and decreased disease incidence and disease index on potted plants to 19.99% and 4.39%, respectively compared with 100% and 92.8% for the untreated inoculated control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Control of Dracaena marginata Leaf Spots in Northern Egypt

Hilal¹,

El-Argawy²,

Korany³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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“…Recently, the application of microbial systems in the production of steroids has been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry [15][16][17]. For instance, microbial transformation steps have been incorporated into the partial synthesis of many new steroidal compounds for their evaluation as hormones or drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of cholesterol and 16,17‐alpha epoxypregnenolone by novel Cladosporium sp. strain IS547

Pang

Cao

Zhu

2016

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Nowadays, there are a few steroid drugs or intermediates that have been obtained via the transformation of microorganisms, and many strains of transformed steroids have not been found yet. Therefore, it is very significant to screen for the strains that have the abilities to transform steroids to produce valuable products. This study has focused on the screen and identification of strains, the structural identification of converted products, and the optimization of transformation conditions, as well as the establishment of transformation systems. A soil microbiota was screened for strain involved in the biotransformation of steroids. A new isolate IS547 is capable of converting a variety of steroids (such as cholesterol, ergosterol, hydrocortisone, progesterone, pregnenolone, and 16,17-alpha-epoxypregnenolone). Based on the 18S rDNA gene sequence comparison, the isolate IS547 has been demonstrated to be very closely related to Cladosporium sp. genus. Present paper is the first report regarding the microbial transformation by Cladosporium sp. to produce active intermediates, which include 7-hydroxy cholesterol, 20-droxyl-16α,17α-epoxypregna-4-dien-3-one, 7-ketocholesterol, and 7-droxyl-16α,17α-epoxypregna-4-dien-3,20-dione. Under the optimum conditions, the yields of product 3 and product 4 were 20.58 and 17.42%, respectively, higher than that prior to the optimization. The transformation rate increased significantly under the optimum fermentation conditions. This study describes an efficient, rapid, and inexpensive biotransformation system for the production of active pharmaceutical intermediates.

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“…have been reported to produce ADD through bio-transformations. [5][6][7] Progesterone is widely used as an important precursor of androstadienedione (ADD). Progesterone was biotransformed to ADD by Bacillus sphaericus with the maximum yield of 22%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical methods for the conversion of Prednisolone to 11-β-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione

et al. 2015

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Several microbial transformations of steroids to 17-keto cortisones through side chain cleavage have been presented in the literature; however, yields and product selectivity in these methods were low. In the present study, some new methods have been identified for the side chain cleavage of prednisolone (1) to form 11-β-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (11-β-hydroxy ADD). Prednisolone upon reaction with zinc chloride in dry THF results in the formation of cleavage product in good yield (76%). 11-β-hydroxy ADD (2) has been formed in moderate yield (60%) under the Reformatsky reaction conditions by reacting with zincate. While performing the Wittig reaction using stable ylides, again results in the formation of compound 2 in good yield (56%). Side chain cleavage of prednisolone was confirmed from the physical and analytical data and similar when compared with the literature reports.

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Transformation of steroids by Trichoderma hamatum

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Chemical and Biological Control of Dracaena marginata Leaf Spots in Northern Egypt

Chemical and Biological Control of Dracaena marginata Leaf Spots in Northern Egypt

Biotransformation of cholesterol and 16,17‐alpha epoxypregnenolone by novel Cladosporium sp. strain IS547

Chemical methods for the conversion of Prednisolone to 11-β-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione

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