Transferts de fonds des migrants, pauvreté et inégalités au Mali

Abstract

Using a 2006 household survey in Mali, we compare current poverty rates and inequality levels with counterfactual ones in the absence of migration and remittances. With proper hypotheses on migrants and a selection model, we are able to impute a counterfactual income for households currently receiving remittances. We show that remittances reduce poverty rates by 5% to 11% and the Gini coefficient by about 5%. Households in the bottom quintiles are more dependent on remittances, which are less substitutable by additional workforce.

“To Have and Have Not”: International Migration, Poverty, and Inequality in Algeria

“…Explicitly modeling selection into migration using the technique of Heckman () can eliminate the bias in parameter estimates needed to reconstruct domestic income for migrants in counterfactual scenarios. This modeling approach has already been used for surveys in Latin America and sub‐Saharan Africa (Acosta et al ., ; Gubert et al ., ). We adopt a strategy similar to Barham and Boucher (), not only modeling selection based on migrant/non‐migrant status, but also accounting for selection into employment among individuals remaining in the country of origin.…”

“…Gubert et al . () calculated that remittances either led to a statistically insignificant reduction in the Gini efficient of the order of 5 percent in Mali, or had no quantitative impact at all.…”

The impact of migrant workers' remittances on the living standards of families in Morocco: A propensity score matching approach

“…This is the case, for example, of private transfers from migrant workers. In general, a rich literature on welfare impacts of these private transfers highlights their positive effect on the poverty reduction in the counties of origin by increasing household income and smoothing consumption (see for example Adams, 1991, Brown and Jimenez, 2007, Acosta et al, 2007, Gubert et al, 2010, Combes et al, 2011, Esquivel and Huerta-Pineda, 2006, Adams and Page, 2005. At macro-level, Anyanwu and Erhijakpor (2010) have used a panel data set on poverty and international remittances for 33 African countries to examine the impact of international remittances on poverty reduction over the period [1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005].…”

“…The counterfactual approach, usually taken in the migration and remittances literature, was focused on estimating household's income level that would have been in the absence of migration and then to compare that with actual household income with remittances (Adams, 1991, Brown and Jimenez, 2007, Gubert et al, 2010, Acosta et al, 2007. Esquivel and Huerta-Pineda (2006) have analyzed the relationship between international migration and poverty in Mexico by comparing incomes and poverty rates amongst remittance receiving households with those estimated for similar households who do not receive remittances.…”

Agricultural Progress and Poverty Reduction

“…One source of extra money known to be especially effective in reducing poverty is remittances from people who work abroad (Gubert et al, 2009). Acosta et al (2007) identify two different channels through which remittances can reduce poverty: a direct and short term effect when remittances flow to the poorest segments of the population and an indirect effect in the medium term by helping low-income households or small-scale entrepreneurs increase their investment in human and physical capital.…”