Transferrin Saturation

Elsayed, Mohamed; Sharif, M U; Stack, Austin G.

doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2016.03.002

Cited by 116 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Typically, the iron status in the organism is assessed by measuring the saturation degree of transferrin . Therefore, our results clearly indicate important differences between iron bioavailability from maternal milk as compared to formula milk, probably derived from different physicochemical species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification

et al. 2017

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Iron fortification in infant formulas is a common practice for providing iron to newborns in order to avoid its deficiency (anemia). Depending on the physicochemical species used, its bioavailability might be insufficient to meet iron requirements. In this vein, the influence of Lactoferrin (Lf) presence on iron bioavailability in 2-week-old wistar rats fed with formula milk fortified with Fe(III) -Lf or Fe(II)SO (in presence of Lf) using quantitative speciation (by HPLC-ICP-MS) and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution (IPD) is studied here. Results obtained were compared among fortifiers and also with the maternal group. In RBCs, iron was mainly bound to hemoglobin in all the assayed groups in the same extent. Regarding serum samples, several iron-proteins were observed (such as transferrin and albumin). In both samples, iron content in the fractions studied was similar in all groups compared and exogenous Fe incorporation of intaked iron was always above 50%, showing no significative differences between physicochemical forms but related to the dose administered. Regarding iron stores (liver) the group fed with formula milk fortified with the higher dose of FeSO in presence of Lf presented the highest values of total iron even superior than those found in the maternal group, and also the highest exogenous ( Fe) incorporation. In conclusion, it was proved that iron fortification is required to ensure proper iron levels in all body compartments. No significative differences were observed between different physicochemical species when iron is administered at low doses. However, higher iron doses lead to a greater incorporation in all the iron-proteins studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification

et al. 2017

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“…This association diminished above 50%TS and was lost at a cutoff above 55%TS. These findings were consistent with progressively reduced capacity for transferrin binding of excess iron or redox-active non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) at %TS levels above about 50-55% [13,14]. A similar trend in men did not reach statistical significance possibly due to overall higher ferritin levels in men [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Rising %TS levels gradually plateau above an inflection point of about 25% in relation to corresponding hemoglobin levels. Transferrin saturation levels below about 20-25% may be consistent with transport of iron as holotransferrin for erythropoiesis [14]. Levels above about 25%TS imply a possible switch to incor-poration of iron in physiologic excess (or possibly redoxactive NTBI) onto transferrin [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The proportionate increase in ferritin and %TS values shown in Figure 3 up to ferritin levels of about 80 ng/mL and %TS levels of about 25% suggests strict physiologic correspondence or compensation of these functionally different proteins representing balance between ferritin and transferrin as they interact to maintain optimal (compensated) iron homeostasis [14] associated with minimal disease risk [13,17,21]. The curves flatten above ferritin levels of about 80 ng/mL and %TS levels above about 25% but then increase proportionately up to about 100 ng/mL of ferritin of and about 50-55%TS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Iron biomarker relationships shown in Figures 2 and 3 corresponding closely to the epidemiologic findings of Podmore and colleagues [13] for their observed hazard ratios for ferritin and %TS for T2D risk. The apparent functional dissociation of ferritin and %TS above these levels suggests a testable hypothesis that transferrin may become occupied increasingly with potentially toxic NTBI at ferritin levels considered previously to be normal [14,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ferritin and Percent Transferrin Saturation Levels Predict Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

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Chow³

et al. 2017

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Iron in blood cells: Function, relation to disease, and potential for magnetic separation

Barua

Ciannella

Tijani

et al. 2023

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Iron in blood cells has several physiological functions like transporting oxygen to cells and maintaining iron homeostasis. Iron is primarily contained in red blood cells (RBCs), but monocytes also store iron as these cells are responsible for the recycling of senescent RBCs. Iron also serves an important role related to the function of different leukocytes. In inflammation, iron homeostasis is dependent on cytokines derived from T cells and macrophages. Fluctuations of iron content in the body lead to different diseases. Iron deficiency, which is also known as anemia, hampers different physiological processes in the human body. On the other hand, genetic or acquired hemochromatosis ultimately results in iron overload and leads to the failure of different vital organs. Different diagnoses and treatments are developed for these kinds of disorders, but the majority are costly and suffer from side effects. To address this issue, magnetophoresis could be an attractive technology for the diagnosis (and in some cases treatment) of these pathologies due to the paramagnetic character of the cells containing iron. In this review, we discuss the main functions of iron in blood cells and iron‐related diseases in humans and highlight the potential of magnetophoresis for diagnosing and treating some of these disorders.

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Transferrin Saturation

Cited by 116 publications

References 161 publications

In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification

In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification

Ferritin and Percent Transferrin Saturation Levels Predict Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

Iron in blood cells: Function, relation to disease, and potential for magnetic separation

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