Transfer RNA‐derived fragments as potential exosome tRNA‐derived fragment biomarkers for osteoporosis

Abstract

Aim: Osteoporosis is one of the common orthopedic diseases featured in low bone mineral density. Exosomes have been proven to be potential markers for many diseases and health problems. The roles of messenger RNAs and microRNAs in osteoporosis have been comprehensively studied; however, little research has focused on the function of plasma exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in osteoporosis. Methods:We collected plasma samples from 40 healthy controls and 40 osteoporosis patients, and all exosomes were isolated with combined centrifugation and were characterized by electron microscopy. Small RNA sequence (Yingbio) was performed to detect the plasma exosomal tRFs and tRF markers were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Three exosome diagnostic tRFs were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: In this study, 11 upregulated tRFs and 18 downregulated tRFs were identified in osteoporosis compared with normal controls. Higher expression levels of plasma exosomal tRF-25-R9ODMJ6B26 (tRF-25), tRF-38-QB1MK8YUBS68BFD2 (tRF-38), tRF-18-BS68BFD2 (tRF-18) in osteoporosis were confirmed by qPCR.Plasma exosomal tRF-25, tRF-38 and tRF-18 showed better accuracy for osteoporosis diagnosis. Conclusion:Our results suggest that plasma exosomal tRF-25, tRF-38 and tRF-18 might be diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis detection.

Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Prediction of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Rats After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

“…Growing evidence has shown that tsRNAs are implicated in various biological processes and human illness, such as tumors, cardiovascular system diseases, epigenetics, and neurological diseases, that scientists are increasingly concerned with, in the recent years (Olvedy et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2017;Elkordy et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). In terms of the functional roles of the tsRNAs in neurodegeneration, as an example, tiRNAAla and tiRNACys and their DNA analogs with a G4 motif could promote neuronal survival under stress conditions and provide new chances for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the future .…”

“…The cord tissue samples from the rats in the SCI (n = 6) and sham groups (n = 6), including the tissue collected for the sequencing (n = 4 in both groups), as well as additional tissues (n = 2 in both groups) were used in the PCR experiment. As previously reported (Zhang et al, 2018), the total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's standard protocols (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). RNA quantification and quality were assessed using NanoDrop ND-1,000, and RNA integrity was verified by electrophoresis on a denaturing agarose gel.…”

Plasma tRNA Fragments Derived from 5′ Ends as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

“…Recent studies have shown that plasma exosomal tRFs could be used to detect osteoporosis. 34 We also evaluated the expression levels of tRFs in exosomes isolated from plasma; the expression levels of tRF-Ser-TGA-001 and tRF-Ser-TGA-002 were less in exosomes from patients with EBC than they were in NCs. Therefore, we speculated that exosomes may be involved in the development of BC.…”

Preparing the Bone Tissue Regeneration Ground by Exosomes: From Diagnosis to Therapy

“…Whereas, in osteoporosis, it was reported that plasma exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs)—tRF-25, tRF-38 and tRF-18—could be used as biomarkers for the disease. In addition, it could help discriminate osteoporosis patients with a poor prognosis and high risk of recurrence [ 36 ]. Another study reported that osteoporotic patients’ sera contain elevated levels of miR-214-enriched exosomes.…”