Transfer of soil contaminants to home-produced eggs and preventive measures to reduce contamination

Waegeneers, Nadia; Steur, Hans De; Temmerman, Ludwig De; Steenwinkel, Sarah Van; Gellynck, Xavier; Viaene, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.041

Cited by 76 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Despite the absence of specific measurements, it is likely that a part of the ingested soil corresponded to indirect ingestion along with small animals like earthworms or deposited on plant particles as dust. Variations in soil intake between flocks illustrated the effect of plant cover, which acts as a 'buffer' between the birds and the soil (Supplementary Material S1 and S2), as previously suggested by Schuler et al (1997) and by Waegeneers et al (2009) in laying hens. Indeed, flocks exploring yards with a good plant cover in spring -that is, flocks 1 or 4 -ingested very little soil; however, during winter (i.e.…”

Section: Intakes and Their Variation Factorssupporting

confidence: 63%

Plant and soil intake by organic broilers reared in tree- or grass-covered plots as determined by means of n-alkanes and of acid-insoluble ash

Jurjanz

Germain²,

Juin³

et al. 2015

Animal

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Free-range birds such as organic broilers may ingest soil and plants during exploration. The estimation of such intakes is of great interest to quantify possible nutritional supplies and also to evaluate the risk of exposure to parasites or to environmental contaminants. Marker-based techniques are now available and would allow to quantify plant and, especially, soil intake in freerange birds, and this quantification was the aim of this study. Methodologically, the proportion of plants in diet intake was determined first using a method based on n-alkanes. Subsequently, the fraction of soil in the total intake was estimated with a second marker, acid-insoluble ash. This approach was carried out to estimate ingested amounts of plants and soil for five successive flocks of organic broilers, exploring grass-covered yards or those under trees, at two time points for each yard: 51 and 64 days of age. Each factor combination (yard type × period = flock number × age) was repeated on two different yards of 750 broilers each.The birds' plant intake varied widely, especially on grass-covered yards. The proportion of plant intake was significantly higher on grass-covered plots than under trees and was also affected, but to a lesser extent, by age or flock number. The ingestion of plants would generally not exceed 11 g of DM daily, except two extreme outliers of nearly 30 g. The daily plant intake under trees tended to be lower and never exceeded 7 g of DM. The amount of ingested plants increased significantly for spring flocks. It increased slightly but significantly with age. The proportion of ingested soil was significantly higher under trees than on grasscovered yards. Dry soil intake was generally low with not more than 3 g per day. Only in adverse conditions -that is, older birds exploring yards under trees in winter -soil intake reached the extreme value of nearly 5 g. Broilers on yards under trees ingested significantly more soil than on grass-covered yards with least square means of, respectively, 2.1 and 1.1 g dry soil per day. These quantifications would allow us to evaluate the impact of plant and soil intake in the management of free-range broilers, especially for the management in organic farming systems. Nevertheless, under the two rearing conditions tested in the current study, the quite low proportions of soil intakes would represent a low risk for the safety of the produced food, unless the birds explore yards on heavily contaminated soil.

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Section: Intakes and Their Variation Factorssupporting

confidence: 63%

Plant and soil intake by organic broilers reared in tree- or grass-covered plots as determined by means of n-alkanes and of acid-insoluble ash

Jurjanz

Germain²,

Juin³

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…The direct intake of PFOS from contaminated water in farmed animals has been calculated considering the recommended water supply to satisfy animal welfare parameters (Rossi and Gastaldo, 2005). Estimates of top soil intake for the free-range livestock were derived from the European Food Safety Authority opinion (EFSA, 2011) on persistent organic pollutants intake in small ruminants (6% of the dry matter intake from forages), from Edwards (2003) for pigs (20%), and from Waegeneers et al (2009) for poultry flocks (50%), as consequence of animals grazing behavior on amended pastures and soils (Table 1). To this purpose, expected concentration of PFOS in sludges from WWTPs have been derived using the accumulation factor with respect to that in water influents (Â3050) as reported by Yu et al (2009).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways and factors for food safety and food security at PFOS contaminated sites within a problem based learning approach

Brambilla

D’Hollander

Oliaei³

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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“…21−24 Organic contaminants in eggs may be derived from the contaminated chicken feed, herbs, and soil. 23,24 The transfer kinetics of α-HBCD and γ-HBCD from chicken diet to chicken tissues and eggs were only assessed in laboratory studies. 20,25 Dominguez-Romero et al 25 reported that the steady-state accumulation ratios (ARs, defined as HBCD concentrations (ng/g lipid weight) in tissue to HBCD concentrations (ng/g fresh weight) in diet) were 5.2, 3.6, and 9.2 for α-HBCD in egg yolk, chicken liver, and chicken abdominal fat, respectively, and the steady-state carry-over rate (COR), expressed as the daily excretion of HBCD (ng) via eggs to daily intake of HBCDs (ng) from diet, was 22.9%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Diastereoisomeric and Enantiomeric Profiles of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in Adult Chicken Tissues, Eggs, and Hatchling Chickens

Zheng

Qiao

Sun

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were measured in chicken diet sources (soil and chicken feed), home-raised adult chicken (Gallus domesticus) tissues, eggs during incubation, and hatchling chicken tissues. HBCD concentrations were not detected−0.69 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 25.6−48.4 ng/g dw in chicken feed and soil, respectively. HBCDs were detected in all adult chicken tissues, except the brain, at median levels of 13.1−44.0 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The proportions of α-HBCD in total HBCDs increased from 51% in soil to more than 87% in adult chicken tissues. The accumulation ratios (ARs) of α-HBCD from diet to adult chicken tissues were 4.27 for liver, 11.2 for fat, and 7.64−12.9 for other tissues, respectively. The AR and carry-over rate (COR) of α-HBCD from diet to eggs were 22.4 and 0.226, respectively. The concentrations of α-HBCD in hatchling chicken liver (median: 35.4 ng/g lw) were significantly lower than those in hatchling chicken pectoral muscle (median: 130 ng/g lw).The EFs of α-HBCD decreased from soil to adult chicken tissues and from eggs to hatchling chicken liver. Meanwhile, the EFs of γ-HBCD increased from soil to adult chicken tissues. These results indicate the preferential enrichment of (−)-α-HBCD and (+)-γ-HBCD in chickens. The alteration of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric patterns of HBCDs might be influenced by the different absorption and elimination rates of the six HBCD enantiomers as well as variations in HBCD metabolism in chickens.

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Transfer of soil contaminants to home-produced eggs and preventive measures to reduce contamination

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Plant and soil intake by organic broilers reared in tree- or grass-covered plots as determined by means of n-alkanes and of acid-insoluble ash

Plant and soil intake by organic broilers reared in tree- or grass-covered plots as determined by means of n-alkanes and of acid-insoluble ash

Pathways and factors for food safety and food security at PFOS contaminated sites within a problem based learning approach

Alteration of Diastereoisomeric and Enantiomeric Profiles of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in Adult Chicken Tissues, Eggs, and Hatchling Chickens

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