Transfer and Quasi-Transfer Effects of Scene Detail and Visual Augmentation in Landing Training

Lintern, Gavan; Taylor, Henry L.; Koonce, Jefferson M.; Kaiser, Robert H.; Morrison, Gregory A.

doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap0702_4

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Quasi-transfer studies have been used successfully in a number of experiments to test augmented information as an instructional variable for landing (Lintern, Koonce, Kaiser, Morrison, & Taylor, 1997) and for air-to-ground attack (Lintern, Sheppard, Parker, Yates, & Nolan, 1989). They have been used to examine scene detail for out-of-cockpit visual scenes (Lintern & Koonce, 1992), the effect of simulator platform motion (Go et al, 2003) and transfer of training on a vertical motion simulator (Zaal, Schroeder, & Chung, 2015).…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Low-Cost PC-Based Aviation Training Devices

2017

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Aim/PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore whether a full cost flight training device (FTD) was significantly better for simulator training than a low cost PC-Based Aviation Training Device (PCATD). Background A quasi-transfer study was undertaken to ascertain whether a Civil Aviation Authority certified Flight Training Device (FTD) was more effective at improving pilot proficiency in the performance of a standard VFR traffic pattern (Overhead Rejoin Procedure) than a customised low cost PCATD. MethodologyIn this quasi-transfer study, a high fidelity FTD rather than an aircraft was used to test both training and transfer tasks. Ninety-three pilots were recruited to participate in the study. ContributionThe use of PCATDs is now well established for pilot training, especially for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) skills training. However, little substantive research has been undertaken to examine their efficacy for VFR training. FindingsThere was no evidence of a pre-test/post-test difference in VFR task performance between participants trained on the PCATD and the FTD, when post tested on the FTD. The use of both PCATD and FTD demonstrated significant improvements in VFR task performance compared to a control group that received no PCATD or FTD training. Recommendations for PractitionersWe discuss the possibility that low cost PCATDs may be a viable alternative for flight schools wishing to use a flight simulator but not able to afford a FTD. Efficacy of Low-Cost PC-Based Aviation Training Devices 128 Recommendation for ResearchersWe discuss the introduction of improved low cost technologies that allow PCATDs to be used more effectively for training in VFR procedures. The development and testing of new technologies requires more research. Impact on Society Flight training schools operate in a difficult economic environment with continued increases in the cost of aircraft maintenance, compliance costs, and aviation fuel. The increased utilisation of low cost PCATD's especially for VFR instruction could significantly reduce the overall cost of pilot training Future Research A new study is being undertaken to compare the effectiveness of a PCATD and a FTD at training transfer of other VFR task procedures such as forced landing training, forced landing after take-off, and low-level navigation exercises.

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Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Low-Cost PC-Based Aviation Training Devices

2017

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“…One can not examine the performance benefits of scene detail without noticing the abundance of research in the training domain which explores the required visual fidelity for the development of simulators used to teach a specific skill or mission. In this context, the results of performance during training of the skills using different levels of scene detail are task dependent: high levels of scene detail were beneficial for teaching air-to-ground attacks for bombing runs (Lintern et al, 1987(Lintern et al, , 1989 but did not significantly improve training for landing tasks, suggesting that the necessary visual cues relevant to the task were already present in the low detailed scene (Lintern & Garrison, 1992;Lintern et al, 1997). The results for transfer performance showed a similar trend.…”

Section: Performance Benefits For Increasing Scene Detailmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Benefits are found when scene detail is enhanced by increasing the texture in the scene (Jaeger, 1998), generating the scene with a greater number of polygons (Johnson & Schroeder, 1995), and increasing the resolution with which the scene is depicted (Mann, 1987), with mixed results for increasing the scene density by increasing the number of objects present (Lintern & Garrison, 1992;Lintern & Koonce, 1991Lintern, Sheppard, Parker, Yates, & Nolan, 1989;Lintern, Taylor, Koonce, Kaiser, & Morrison, 1997;Lintern, ThomleyYates, Nelson, & Roscoe, 1987). One can not examine the performance benefits of scene detail without noticing the abundance of research in the training domain which explores the required visual fidelity for the development of simulators used to teach a specific skill or mission.…”

Section: Performance Benefits For Increasing Scene Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Yeh¹,

Wickens²

2000

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. ABSTRACTThis experiment seeks to examine the relationship between three advanced technology features (presentation of target cueing -and the reliability of that data, image reality, and interactivity) and the attention and trust provided to that information. In particular, we investigate the nature of two sorts of biases: an attention bias, in which the operator focuses attention to an area highlighted by the automation at the expense of other areas of the visual scene, and a trust bias, in which unwarranted attention is given to the guidance information.Sixteen military personnel searched for targets camouflaged in terrain, presented at two levels of scene detail (manipulated by varying the number of polygons with which the scene was generated and the level of the detail with which the scene was textured) while performing a terrain association task. Half the subjects actively navigated through the terrain; the other half passively viewed the control path of an active navigator. Cueing was presented for some of the targets, and the reliability of this information was manipulated at two levels (100% and 75%). More importantly, there were objects in the environment that were of high priority and uncued, and detection of these targets provided an assessment as to the degree of an operator's reliance on the cueing information. To assess trust in the terrain simulation, subjects were asked to perform terrain association given a hand-held paper map and report any inconsistencies between the visualization and the map.The results showed that the presence of cueing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Cueing benefits and attentional tunneling were both reduced when cueing became less reliable. Unfortunately, despite knowing that the cue was only partially reliable, subjects still trusted the cue more than was warranted as evidenced by an increased false alarm rate, a drop in sensitivity, and a risky criterion shift. The degree of this change in sensitivity was so great that the loss of reliability in the cue eliminated the benefits of cueing.Finally, neither image reality nor interactivity directly influenced trust...

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“…Another group of studies from Lintern and colleagues (Lintern et al, 1990b: Lintern andGarrison, 1992;Lintern et al, 1997) found that pictorial displays were more effective than symbolic displays in training landing skills, but increases in scene fidelity either had no effect on performance or actually reduced performance.…”

Section: Landing Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis and Planning of SIMTRAUMA: Medical Simulation for Combat Trauma

Champion¹,

Higgins²

2000

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 074-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503 AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REPORT DATE June 2000 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal(12 May 99 -11 May 00) TITLE AND SUBTITLEMeta-Analysis and Planning of SIMTRAUMA: Medical Simulation for Combat Trauma Training AUTHORJS)Howard R. Champion Gerald A. Higgins PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES). SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESReport contains color graphics. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for PublicRelease; Distribution Unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)An analysis of military use of non medical simulators has been carried out for the purpose of strategically directing the use of simulation in medicine. The United States Department of Defense has placed an increasing reliance on the use of simulators to train and sustain all manner of skills. This experience is documented by numerous studies attesting to the efficacy of trainers and the cost benefits of simulators. In addition, the range of skills to be trained is effectively broadened by the scope of situations that can be addressed by simulators and the accuracy with which performance can be measured.Technological advances make feasible the introduction of simulation into medicine with the potential for improved training at reduced cost and reduction of medical error. Important lessons need to be learned from the military simulation experience so that the most costeffective application of emerging technologies can be strategically sought for medical simulation. One area of particular benefit to the military medical domain will be substantial improvements in combat trauma readiness. A strategic plan for development of medical simulation in the military are advanced in the report. SUBJECT TERMSBiodefense, Neurotoxin _X_ Where copyrighted material is quoted, permission has been obtained to use such material (permission requested).Where material from documents designated for limited distribution is quoted, permission has been obtained to use the material.X Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. N/A In conducting research using animals, the investigator(s) adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," prepa...

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Transfer and Quasi-Transfer Effects of Scene Detail and Visual Augmentation in Landing Training

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Efficacy of Low-Cost PC-Based Aviation Training Devices

Efficacy of Low-Cost PC-Based Aviation Training Devices

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Meta-analysis and Planning of SIMTRAUMA: Medical Simulation for Combat Trauma

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