Transesterification reaction of vegetable oils, using superacid sulfated TiO2–base catalysts

Almeida, Rusiene M. de; Noda, Lúcia K.; Gonçalves, Norberto S.; Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz; Meneghetti, Mário R.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.06.006

Cited by 142 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The transesterification reaction of vegetable oils is also performed using superacid sulfated nanosized TiO 2 catalysts. These displayed good catalytic activity, but the biodiesel yield was not significant [26]. A new type of solid superacid catalyst, (SO 4 2− /ZrO 2 -TiO 2 ) loaded with lanthanum, was also proved to be an effective catalyst for both transesterification and esterification using 60% acid-containing feedstocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Potential from Littered Edible Oil Fraction Using Directly Synthesized S-TiO2/MCM-41 Catalyst in Esterification Process via Non-Catalytic Subcritical Hydrolysis

Bhuyan

Alam

Chu³

et al. 2017

Energies

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Due to uncontrolled consumption of fossil fuel it is necessary to use alternative resources as renewable energy. Among all the available liquid fuels biodiesel has drawn attention for producing less emissions and having less aromatic contents than diesel and because it can also be obtained from inferior grade feedstocks. Since the various uses of fats and oils have increased, a significant amount of waste animal fat and used edible oil is generated every year. In this work, we produced biodiesel from littered edible oil fraction (LEOF) via hydrolysis followed by catalytic esterification. Nearly 90% free fatty acids (FFA) content was achieved at 275 • C, after 45 min during hydrolysis and linoleic acid (C18:2) was observed to be the highest component. Compared to refined soybean oil (SBO) the reaction rate was accelerated by the auto-catalytic behavior of free fatty acids (FFA) in littered edible oil fraction (LEOF). For catalytic esterification, S-TiO 2 /MCM-41 catalyst was directly synthesized and characterized by using XRD, SEM, NH 3 -TPD and Brunauer Emmett Teller (B.E.T). The parameters such as; SO 4 −2 content, TiO 2 loading and calcination temperature were varied to get optimum free fatty acids (FFA) conversion. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was 99.29% using 1% S-TiO 2 /MCM-41 catalyst at 240 • C whereas 86.18% was observed with 3.5% catalyst at 180 • C with 20 min. Thus, using S-TiO 2 /MCM-41 catalyst in esterification via hydrolysis would be a better option for treating low quality feedstocks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Potential from Littered Edible Oil Fraction Using Directly Synthesized S-TiO2/MCM-41 Catalyst in Esterification Process via Non-Catalytic Subcritical Hydrolysis

Bhuyan

Alam

Chu³

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…It is well established that the sulfated titania superacid is an interesting and good candidate catalysing the trans-esterification or oligomerization reactions [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Recently, both the Lewis and Brønsted-acid sites are found to constitute the catalytic active sites within the solid superacid catalysts based on a number of the spectroscopic studies, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), where the correlation between the type of acidity (Lewis and/or Brønsted) and the catalyst activity is evaluated [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Catalytic Center of TiO2/SO4 2− Solid Superacid Catalyst by X-Band In Situ High-Temperature EPR Spectroscopy

et al. 2011

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Paramagnetic centers of the solid superacid catalyst in the sulfated TiO 2 are prone to the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The induction of the catalytic-active sites in TiO 2 powder presubmerged in H 2 SO 4 solution as a function of the calcinated temperature of 293-873 K is investigated by X-band in situ continuous-wave EPR measurements. Sulfated-acid sites composed of the Ti 3? ion are formed upon calcination. The overall experimental results show that the population of these sites goes uphill with the elevating temperature, reaches a maximum at *623 K and decreases afterward to close zero. During the process, the decomposition of the TiO 2 /SO 4 2-leads to the formation of Ti 3? species and then to the increasing EPR signal amplitude, and the consecutive decomposition of the sulfur at higher temperature ([650 K) to the diminishing signal. The X-ray diffraction indicates that the introduction of SO 4 2-stabilizes the geometric structure in the anatase phase.

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“…Some authors have focused on sulfated titania (TiO 2 /SO 4 ), which is normally prepared by the sol-gel method. Almeida et al [20] carried out the research with this catalyst on soybean and castor oil at 120°C, for 60 min and the obtained highest yields were 40% and 25%, respectively.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical fluid technology in biodiesel production

Hoang

Bensaid

Saracco

2013

Green Processing and Synthesis

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Abstract:The synthesis of biodiesel has received attention as an alternative source of energy to decrease our dependence on petroleum-based fuels. The catalyzed processes present a series of limitations and drawbacks, among them the high energy required for complex purification and undesirable side reactions. Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology is being proved an efficient approach compared to traditional methods for preparing biodiesel. This review illustrates the advances, advantages, and drawbacks involved in the use of all current biodiesel production technologies.Keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; non-catalytic; supercritical fluid; transesterification. List of abbreviationsBDF, biodiesel fuel; FA, fatty acid; FFA, free fatty acid; FAAE, fatty acid alkyl ester; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; FAEE, fatty acid ethyl

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Transesterification reaction of vegetable oils, using superacid sulfated TiO2–base catalysts

Cited by 142 publications

References 28 publications

Biodiesel Production Potential from Littered Edible Oil Fraction Using Directly Synthesized S-TiO2/MCM-41 Catalyst in Esterification Process via Non-Catalytic Subcritical Hydrolysis

Biodiesel Production Potential from Littered Edible Oil Fraction Using Directly Synthesized S-TiO2/MCM-41 Catalyst in Esterification Process via Non-Catalytic Subcritical Hydrolysis

Probing the Catalytic Center of TiO2/SO4 2− Solid Superacid Catalyst by X-Band In Situ High-Temperature EPR Spectroscopy

Supercritical fluid technology in biodiesel production

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