Transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel using ChOH ionic liquid in a microwave heated continuous flow reactor

Phromphithak, Sanphawat; Meepowpan, Puttinan; Shimpalee, Sirivatch; Tippayawong, Nakorn

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.080

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, from an economic point of view, ILs with metal chlorides need advancement in the techniques to compete for the conventional solvents and catalysts in the large-scale production of biodiesel [74]. Choline hydroxide (ChOH) was employed as a green ionic liquid catalyst by Phromphithak et al [75] to produce biodiesel from palm oil. A maximum biodiesel yield of 89.72% methyl ester content was obtained at 1:13.24 oil to methanol molar ratio, a flow rate of 20 mL/min, microwave power of 800 W, and catalyst loading of 6% (w/w).…”

Section: Acid-base Catalyzed Two-step Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Salaheldeen

Mariod²,

Aroua

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.

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Section: Acid-base Catalyzed Two-step Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Salaheldeen

Mariod²,

Aroua

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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“…This approach highlights the current green solvent, which could also act as a catalyst to drive the reaction forward. Moreover, the solvent or catalyst used can also be recycled and reused [ 102 ]. The concept of eutectic solvent is to equip the solvent with appropriate hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor to maximize the interaction between the solvent and substrate for methylation [ 103 ].…”

Section: Intensification Of Microwave-combined Reactor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and Challenges of Microwave-Combined Technology for Biodiesel and Biolubricant Production through a Transesterification: A Review

et al. 2021

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Biodiesels and biolubricants are synthetic esters produced mainly via a transesterification of other esters from bio-based resources, such as plant-based oils or animal fats. Microwave heating has been used to enhance transesterification reaction by converting an electrical energy into a radiation, becoming part of the internal energy acquired by reactant molecules. This method leads to major energy savings and reduces the reaction time by at least 60% compared to a conventional heating via conduction and convection. However, the application of microwave heating technology alone still suffers from non-homogeneous electromagnetic field distribution, thermally unstable rising temperatures, and insufficient depth of microwave penetration, which reduces the mass transfer efficiency. The strategy of integrating multiple technologies for biodiesel and biolubricant production has gained a great deal of interest in applied chemistry. This review presents an advanced transesterification process that combines microwave heating with other technologies, namely an acoustic cavitation, a vacuum, ionic solvent, and a supercritical/subcritical approach to solve the limitations of the stand-alone microwave-assisted transesterification. The combined technologies allow for the improvement in the overall product yield and energy efficiency. This review provides insights into the broader prospects of microwave heating in the production of bio-based products.

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“…In terms of alkaline catalysis for biodiesel production, Phromphithak et al (2020) [6] investigated the transesterification of palm oil with ChOH in a microwave heated continuous flow reactor. 89.7% ester yield was achieved with an oil to methanol (MeOH) molar ratio of 1:13.24, a flow rate of 20 mL/min, microwave power of 800 W, and catalyst loading of 6 wt%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and kinetic study of alkaline ionic liquid for biodiesel production through transesterification of sunflower oil

Lima¹,

Hachemane²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2022

Fuel

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Transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel using ChOH ionic liquid in a microwave heated continuous flow reactor

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Prospects and Challenges of Microwave-Combined Technology for Biodiesel and Biolubricant Production through a Transesterification: A Review

Evaluation and kinetic study of alkaline ionic liquid for biodiesel production through transesterification of sunflower oil

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