Transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells

Abstract

Objectives This study investigated the transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutahaldehyde-containing solutions/materials on odontoblast-like cells. Methods Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs and the occlusal surface was treated with the following solutions: water, 2%glutaraldehyde (GA), 5%GA, 10%GA, Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+De) or Gluma Desensitizer (GDe). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by the Alamar Blue assay and SEM. The eluates were collected and applied on cells seeded in 24-well plates. After 7 or 14 days the total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and deposition of mineralized nodules (MN) were evaluated. Results Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). GA solutions were not cytotoxic against MDPC-23. GCB+De (85.1%) and GDe (77.2%) reduced cell viability as well as TP production and ALP activity at both periods. After 14 days, GCB+De and GDe groups produced less MN. Affected MDPC-23 presented deformation of the cytoskeleton and reduction of cellular projections. Conclusions The treatment with 2.5%, 5% and 10%GA was not harmful to odontoblast-like cells. Conversely, when GA was combined with other components like HEMA, the final material became cytotoxic. Clinical significance Glutaraldehyde has been used to decrease dentin hypersensitivity. This substance is also capable of preventing resin-dentin bond degradation by cross-linking collagen and MMPs. This study showed that GA might be safe when applied on acid etched dentin. However, when combined with HEMA the product becomes cytotoxic.

Glutaraldehyde collagen cross‐linking stabilizes resin–dentin interfaces and reduces bond degradation

“…Despite reports showing effective MMP inhibition with HEMA (42,43), the frequently reported fall in lTBS of HEMA-containing adhesives (44,45) may indicate that the MMPinhibitory effects of HEMA are lost when it is co-polymerized with other adhesive monomers (43). Moreover, recent findings by our group have also indicated that HEMA may be responsible for the cytotoxicity associated with Gluma dentin desensitizer (46). Gluma, traditionally marketed for desensitizing purposes, requires HEMA for reasons such as tubular blockage and dentin-permeability reduction, which can only occur when both active components are present.…”

Bond Strength and Cytotoxicity of a Universal Adhesive According to the Hybridization Strategies to Dentin

“…Then, the occlusal surface of each disc was ground for 10 s with 600-grit abrasive papers (Carborundum Abrasives, Recife, PE, Brazil) to obtain a homogeneous smear layer (12). The artificial pulp chamber (APC; Fig.…”

“…In total, 3x10 4 cells in a 20-mL volume were seeded onto the pulpal side of dentin, and the sets were maintained in an incubator with 5% CO 2 at 37 °C for 30 min to allow initial cell adhesion. Then, 1 mL of complete DMEM was added to the APC/disc sets and incubated for an additional 48-hour period, allowing the pulp cells to spread and proliferate on dentin substrate (12).…”

Effects of a modified cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment on resin-dentin bonding

“…Chemical crosslinkers have been employed to improve the mechanical properties and the resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis of the dentin collagen. However, some effective crosslinking agents, such as glutaraldehyde or grape seed extract, have shown only limited effectiveness in their actual in vivo applications, because of the formation of highly cytotoxic byproducts by the reaction or the possible discoloration of the collagen fibers 5,6) . Physical crosslinking is one alternative method that can improve the biomechanical rigidity of the collagen fibrils, as it leaves no residues following treatment and the rigidity remains stable over time 7,8) .…”