Transcutaneous Cervical and Transabdominal Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool in Gastroesophageal Reflux in Childhood

Karabulut, Bilge; Bostancı, İlknur; Kaçar, Mahmut; Karaca, Gökhan; Koşar, Pınar Nercis

doi:10.1159/000319900

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Karabulut et al 8 showed increases in the upper and lower esophageal diameters and wall thickness of the cervical esophagus on cervical and transabdominal sonography in gastroesophageal reflux. In addition, case reports related to foreign bodies and achalasia in evaluation of the cervical esophagus have been published.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

Palabıyık

Bayramoğlu

Güner

et al. 2012

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the normal sonographic appearance of the cervical and thoracic esophagus and to provide corresponding measurements in healthy children. Methods In this prospective study, 93 children (51 girls and 42 boys) 1 to 15 years of age were examined sonographically. With the patient in a supine position for evaluation of the cervical esophagus, the ultrasound transducer was placed on both sides of the trachea. To evaluate the thoracic esophagus, the hands were raised over the head, and the ultrasound transducer was placed along the left side of the sternum. The length of the cervical esophagus was measured longitudinally, and the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the cervical and thoracic esophagus were measured transversely, as was the thickness of the cervical esophageal wall. Results The cervical esophagus was identified in all of the children, whereas the thoracic esophagus was shown in 41 (44%) of the 93 participants. The length of the cervical esophagus and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the cervical and thoracic esophagus increased with age. The mean thickness of the cervical esophagus was 2.8 mm at all ages. The cervical esophageal wall appeared as 5 layers on the sonograms, and the lumen was distinct. Conclusions Evaluation of the cervical esophagus was readily achievable with sonography in children, whereas visualization of the thoracic esophagus was difficult because of the deep location, small size, and influence of bones and gas in the lungs. Conventional sonography can be easily used in the evaluation of cervical esophageal diseases in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

Palabıyık

Bayramoğlu

Güner

et al. 2012

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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“…8). No significant age-or sex-dependent differences in the gastroesophageal angle have been reported [46].…”

Section: Us and Morphological Informationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The proximal and distal esophageal diameters have also been recently evaluated sonographically by Karabulut et al [46], who found no difference between boys and girls.…”

Section: Us and Morphological Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal values differ between studies [3,10], probably because of slight differences in the positioning of the calipers for measurement. The reported values range from 2.1 mm to 5.7 mm, depending to the age of the child [10,28,43,46].…”

Section: Us and Morphological Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is lack of standardization (e.g., type of transducer, duration of observation, type and amount of feed) and no definite diagnostic criteria for the severity of GER (e.g., frequency and duration of reflux episodes) [2,3,5,10,28,34,39,[42][43][44]46]. Reports suggest that the number of reflux episodes over a period of 10-15 min, some taking into account concurring clinical symptoms and/or sonographic sign (duration, distention of the distal esophagus, extension of reflux), indicate the severity of GER [2,5,34,39,44] (Table 2).…”

Section: Us and Functional Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children

et al. 2012

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Several techniques have been used to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children, but no single test is sufficiently accurate to completely investigate the problem. Gastroesophageal US has been described as a widely available, noninvasive and sensitive method. It provides morphological and functional information, but its role in the diagnosis of GER in children is still debated. In this paper we review diagnostic approaches to GER in children. We focus on current use of US in the management of children with suspected GER. Reports suggest that US allows exclusion of several non-GER causes of symptoms and that it provides morphological and functional data with high sensitivity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of GER. Sonographic assessment of findings such as abdominal esophageal length, esophageal diameter, esophageal wall thickness and gastroesophageal angle provide important diagnostic indicators of reflux and related to the degree of GER. There is a need for standardization of the procedure and for defining diagnostic criteria.

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Ultrasonographic measurement of the thickness of cervical oesophagus layers in the reflux oesophagitis: Association with clinical findings

Yalçın

Taydaş

Koç³

et al. 2020

Sonography

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Introduction We aimed to evaluate the oesophagus of patients with reflux oesophagitis using ultrasonography and sought associations between the measurements of the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria, and endoscopic and clinical findings. Methods Thirty‐nine patients with endoscopically proven reflux oesophagitis and 19 patients with negative endoscopy for oesophagitis were included in the study. Two radiologists assessed the cervical oesophagus at the level of the thyroid gland. The data belonging to the ultrasonographic assessment of the patient group were compared to those of the controls. Results The muscular, submucosal and mucosal thicknesses of the cervical oesophagus measured by two observers significantly differed between the patient and control groups. The P‐values for mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria were .02, <.001 and <.001, respectively for observer 1, .004, .001 and <.001, respectively for observer 2. The regression analysis showed that among the symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation and dysphagia, heartburn was independently associated with decreased mucosal and submucosal thicknesses of the oesophagus. Discussion Our findings confirmed that the layers of oesophagus in the gastroesophageal reflux disease were thicker compared to those of healthy people. We also found that heartburn was associated with decreased thicknesses of mucosal and submucosal layers in patients.

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Transcutaneous Cervical and Transabdominal Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool in Gastroesophageal Reflux in Childhood

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

Use of Sonography for Evaluation of the Cervical and Thoracic Esophagus in Children

US in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children

Ultrasonographic measurement of the thickness of cervical oesophagus layers in the reflux oesophagitis: Association with clinical findings

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