Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index in a Spanish Population with Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Background: The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) offers a simple method to screen temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the FAI in patients with TMD. Methods: The sample consisted of 125 subjects (66 TMD and 59 controls) aged over 18 years. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and capacity to discriminate between TMD and healthy subjects were analyzed. Results: The Spanish version of the FAI showed a structure formed by three factors. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.826. The reliability of the items varied between substantial to almost perfect and was excellent for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.937). The standard error of measurement (SEM) was 6.52, with a minimum detectable change (MDC) of 12.78. FAI score showed a significant correlation with headache, neck pain and vertigo measurements. A cut-off point >35 showed a sensitivity = 83.33% and a specificity = 77.97% in differentiating between healthy and TMD patients, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.865. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the FAI is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing people with TMD, with appropriate general clinimetric properties. Discrimination between patients with and without TMD is excellent.

Comparison of psychological states and oral health–related quality of life of patients with differing severity of temporomandibular disorders

“…12 Founded on the Helkimo index, 13 the original Portuguese and English versions have been translated into many languages including Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, as well as Turkish, and validated. [14][15][16][17] The FAI was also found to accurate and produced consistent outcomes with other TMD screening/ diagnostic instruments including the American Academy of Orofacial Pain Questionnaire and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (RDC/ TMD). [18][19][20] Recently, it was also confirmed to be reliable for assessing TMD severity.…”

Validity and Reliability of the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index for the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders

“…The test categorises temporomandibular disorder as not affected when the score is between 0 and 15 points, mild affectation when the score is between 20 and 40 points, moderate affectation when the score is between 45 and 65 points and severe affectation when the score is between 70 and 100 points. The FAI has a Cronbach alpha of 0.826, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.937, a cut-off point of >35 points, a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 77.97% [ 29 , 30 ]. Similarly, the short version of Fonseca’s anamnestic index (SFAI) was also considered; it is a five-question questionnaire that is answered and scored the same as the standard version of the FAI, and the questionnaire categorises patients as unaffected by TMD when the scores is between 0 and 15 points and as affected by TMD when the score is between 20 and 50 points.…”

Prevalência de sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular, fatores associados e impacto sobre a qualidade de vida em usuários da rede de atenção primária à saúde

“…O índice DMF tem as vantagens de ser um instrumento simples, fácil e de baixo custo, o que favorece seu uso em estudos epidemiológicos populacionais (Chaves et al, 2008a) ou em metodologias sem a presença física do participante, como em pesquisas por meio de telefone, correios ou internet (Campos et al, 2014). Além disso, sua habilidade de diferenciar pacientes com e sem DTM é considerada excelente, razão pela qual sua adaptação tem sido realizada para diversos outros idiomas (Sánchez-Torrelo et al, 2020). Contudo, limita-se a determinação da severidade dos sintomas de DTM, não permitindo uma classificação diagnóstica.…”