Transcriptomics and Nutrition in Mammalians

Transcriptomics and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

“…In an attempt to better understand the interactions between nutrients and gene expression, high throughput gene expression using DNA chips or microarrays has been introduced and applied to analyze transcriptomes. In contrast to genomic studies, there is not a single transcriptome for an organism but one for each cell, and it may change in certain environmental circumstances [ 8 ]. The discovery of a large number of non-coding RNAs (approximately 70,000) ( Figure 1 ) with regulatory functions opens a new field of study for nutrient action and emphasizes the study of transcriptomics as an end-point of regulatory control.…”

“…The discovery of a large number of non-coding RNAs (approximately 70,000) ( Figure 1 ) with regulatory functions opens a new field of study for nutrient action and emphasizes the study of transcriptomics as an end-point of regulatory control. In this review, special attention will be paid to the changes in a number of tissues considering the different transcriptional programs that they have undergone [ 9 ], and that their responses to nutritional stimuli are established upon diverse transcription factors and may have distinct physiological purposes [ 8 ].…”

PPARα/RXRα downregulates amino acid catabolism in the liver via interaction with HNF4α promoting its proteasomal degradation

“…On the other hand, the absence of PPARα results in an increase in amino acid catabolism, and the consumption of a high-protein diet promotes the rapid upregulation of HNF4α abundance, which is a mechanism to remove excess amino acids from the diet. PPARα is a key regulator during the transition of energy fuels between the fed and fasting state [15] that favors the catabolism of fatty acids [16,17] as energy fuel and prevents the utilization of amino acids. Thus, the absence or inactivation of the transcription factor PPARα represents a metabolic treatment for the management of energy sources that potentially changes body weight, body composition and circulating metabolite levels.…”

Chapter 1. Foodomics – Fundamentals, State of the Art and Future Trends

“…Thus, two conceptually different transcriptomics approaches can be applied to identify and quantify changes in mRNA expression levels of hundreds or thousands of genes. One of the approaches is based on gene expression microarrays, whereas the other transcriptomic platform is based on massive sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq), which makes possible the analysis of thousands of transcribed sequences quickly and efficiently 15 . Afterwards, gene validation, through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is normally employed to confirm the up-or down-regulation of a selected number of genes 16 , mostly after using microarrays.…”