Transcriptomic Analysis, Motility and Biofilm Formation Characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium Exposed to Benzyl Isothiocyanate Treatment

Niu, Tong-Xin; Wang, Xiaoning; Wu, Hongyan; Bi, Jingran; Hao, Hongshun; Hou, Hongman; Zhang, Gongliang

doi:10.3390/ijms21031025

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Differentially expressed genes including down-and upregulated were noticed in BITC treated group in comparison to the control group [21]. Similarly, downregulated expression of virulence factors was also observed in BITC treated Staphylococcus aureus experimental group [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate On The Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase And Fibronectin-Binding Protein In Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

Alhandal

Almesaileikh

Bhardwaj

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Recent studies have shown that antibiotic treatment results in up- or down regulation of several virulence-associated genes. The genes encoding NADH oxidase (nox) and fibronectin-binding protein (fbp) are known to play important roles in biofilms of some oral bacterial species. The objective was to study the effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), an antimicrobial agent from Miswak plant, on the expression of nox and fbp genes in some oral streptococci.Methods: Bacterial strains were grown as biofilms in brucella broth. The crystal violet stained biofilms were quantified by optical density measurements at 590 nm. The biofilms were treated with an antimicrobial agent (BITC) for 2 h and fold change in mRNA expression of nox and fbp genes in BITC treated selected oral streptococci was measured by comparative ∆∆Ct method on Real-Time PCR machine.Results: The highest amount of biofilm mass was produced by A. defectiva, followed by S. gordonii, S. mutans, G. elegans and G. adiacens. Upon treatment with BITC, S. gordonii biofilms showed highest mRNA expression for both fbp and nox genes. Mean (SE) folds increase in the expression of nox mRNA: S. gordonii 2 (0.30), followed by S. mutans 1.25 (0.18), A. defectiva 1.03 (0.09), G. adiacens 0.7 (0.03). Similarly for fbp, folds increase in mRNA expression was: S. gordonii 2.65 (0.03), followed by A. defectiva 2.09 (0.60), G. elegans 1.61 (0.40), S. mutans 1.57 (0.20), and G. adiacens 0.58 (0.06). G. elegans mRNA levels for nox were extremely low (0.006-fold). Conclusion: BITC treatment of the biofilms caused an upregulation of biofilm-associated genes fbp and nox genes in most of the tested species suggesting the significance of these genes in biofilm lifestyle of these oral bacteria. Increased expression of nox and fbp genes in the biofilm lifestyle of these species needs further investigation to understand if it contributes to antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate On The Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase And Fibronectin-Binding Protein In Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

Alhandal

Almesaileikh

Bhardwaj

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…SFN exhibited a stronger effect in this assay; however, PEITC at concentrations of 1 and 5 × MIC also affected biofilm formation. To date, the antibiofilm activity of ITC has been scarcely described in the literature, with some exceptions [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]; therefore, the molecular basis of its nature is poorly understood. Kaiser et al [ 23 ] showed that PEITC is effective in inhibiting P. aeruginosa biofilm formation even in concentrations significantly lower than the MIC (≤29 mg/mL).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Isothiocyanates, Sulforaphane and 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Effectively Impair Vibrio cholerae Virulence

Krause

Pyrczak-Felczykowska

Karczewska

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Vibrio cholerae represents a constant threat to public health, causing widespread infections, especially in developing countries with a significant number of fatalities and serious complications every year. The standard treatment by oral rehydration does not eliminate the source of infection, while increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic V. cholerae strains makes the therapy difficult. Thus, we assessed the antibacterial potential of plant-derived phytoncides, isothiocyanates (ITC), against V. cholerae O365 strain. Sulforaphane (SFN) and 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) ability to inhibit bacterial growth was assessed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values indicate that these compounds possess antibacterial activity and are also effective against cells growing in a biofilm. Tested ITC caused accumulation of stringent response alarmone, ppGpp, which indicates induction of the global stress response. It was accompanied by bacterial cytoplasm shrinkage, the inhibition of the DNA, and RNA synthesis as well as downregulation of the expression of virulence factors. Most importantly, ITC reduced the toxicity of V. cholerae in the in vitro assays (against Vero and HeLa cells) and in vivo, using Galleria mellonella larvae as an infection model. In conclusion, our data indicate that ITCs might be considered promising antibacterial agents in V. cholerae infections.

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“…Recently, the expression differences of pathogenicity-related genes in Salmonella typhimurium upon BITC treatment was explored using transcriptome analysis and phenotypic validation like motility and biofilm formation characteristics. Differentially expressed genes including down- and upregulated were noticed in BITC treated group in comparison to the control group [ 27 ]. Similarly, downregulated expression of virulence factors was also observed in BITC treated Staphylococcus aureus experimental group [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate on the Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase and Fibronectin-Binding Protein in Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

Alhandal

Almesaileikh

Bhardwaj

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have shown that antimicrobial treatment results in up- or down regulation of several virulence-associated genes in bacterial biofilms. The genes encoding NADH oxidase (nox) and fibronectin-binding protein (fbp) are known to play important roles in biofilm growth of some oral bacterial species. The objective was to study the effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), an antimicrobial agent from Miswak plant, on the expression of nox and fbp genes in some oral streptococci. The biofilms were treated with BITC and mRNA expression of nox and fbp genes was measured by comparative ΔΔCt method. The highest amount of biofilm mass was produced by A. defectiva, followed by S. gordonii, S. mutans, G. elegans and G. adiacens. Upon treatment with BITC, S. gordonii biofilms showed highest folds change in mRNA expression for both fbp and nox genes followed by S. mutans, A. defectiva, and G. adiacens. G. elegans mRNA levels for nox were extremely low. In conclusion, BITC treatment of the biofilms caused an upregulation of biofilm-associated genes fbp and nox genes in most of the tested species suggesting the significance of these genes in biofilm lifestyle of these oral bacteria and needs further investigation to understand if it contributes to antimicrobial resistance.

show abstract

Transcriptomic Analysis, Motility and Biofilm Formation Characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium Exposed to Benzyl Isothiocyanate Treatment

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate On The Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase And Fibronectin-Binding Protein In Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate On The Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase And Fibronectin-Binding Protein In Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

Dietary Isothiocyanates, Sulforaphane and 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Effectively Impair Vibrio cholerae Virulence

The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate on the Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase and Fibronectin-Binding Protein in Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

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