Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Wolf Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) after Cadmium Exposure

Abstract

Pardosa pseudoannulata is one of the most common wandering spiders in agricultural fields and a potentially good bioindicator for heavy metal contamination. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which spiders respond to heavy metals at the molecular level. In the present study, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was employed to characterize the de novo transcriptome of the spiders and to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cadmium exposure. We obtained 60,489 assembled unigenes, 18,773 of which were annotated in the public databases. A total of 2939 and 2491 DEGs were detected between the libraries of two Cd-treated groups and the control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that metabolism processes and digestive system function were predominately enriched in response to Cd stress. At the cellular and molecular levels, significantly enriched pathways in lysosomes and phagosomes as well as replication, recombination and repair demonstrated that oxidative damage resulted from Cd exposure. Based on the selected DEGs, certain critical genes involved in defence and detoxification were analysed. These results may elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spiders’ responses to heavy metal stress.

Potential Ameliorative Effects of Qing Ye Dan Against Cadmium Induced Prostatic Deficits via Regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 and TGF-β1/Smad Pathways

“…Cadmium (Cd) is a widely existed heavy metal which commonly used in the modern industrial production. Because the contamination of Cd in soil and water, people are exposed to Cd via the bioaccumulation from the food chain [1, 2]. Furthermore, human are exposed to Cd through active and passive smoking since that Cd is also present in tobacco [3].…”

Chance and predictability in evolution: The genomic basis of convergent dietary specializations in an adaptive radiation

“…Remarkably, our results are in full agreement with the few comparative transcriptomics studies conducted on these types of animals under different metal stress conditions (e.g,. Gomes, Scott-Fordsmand, & Amorim, 2014;Roelofs et al, 2009;Zapata, Tanguy, David, Moraga, & Riquelme, 2009), including in spiders (Li et al, 2016). These studies demonstrate that arthropods exposed to heavy metals show im- (Table S4).…”

“…Remarkably, our results are in full agreement with the few comparative transcriptomics studies conducted on these types of animals under different metal stress conditions (e.g,. Gomes, Scott‐Fordsmand, & Amorim, ; Roelofs et al, ; Zapata, Tanguy, David, Moraga, & Riquelme, ), including in spiders (Li et al, ). These studies demonstrate that arthropods exposed to heavy metals show important gene expression changes relative to controls; remarkably, some of the reported gene targets also appear among our MGE candidates or correspond with some of the molecular functions enriched in our list.…”

Transcriptome responses to elevated CO2 level and Wolbachia‐infection stress in Hylyphantes graminicola (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

“…From our study on the differences in gene expression between samples, we obtained more than 82.8 GB of clean reads. To date, transcriptome resources are lacking for H. graminicola , with only a few spider transcriptomes analyzed thus far − for instance, the analysis of genes related to cadmium and temperature stress in Pardosa pseudoannulata (Li et al ., ; Xiao et al ., ). Our transcriptome nr annotation analysis results were similar to those of P .…”

“…The qPCR protocol was: initial denaturation at 95 °C for 10 min, 40 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s, and 60 °C for 60 s. To eliminate non‐specific amplification, each qPCR was followed by a melting curve step (decreasing from 95 °C to 60 °C by 1 °C every 2 s) to test a single amplicon. The relative expression levels of the selected transcripts were normalized to the housekeeping gene β ‐actin (Vasanthavada et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Xiao et al ., ) and determined using the 2 –ΔΔCt method.…”