Transcriptome Analysis on the Mechanism of Ethylicin Inhibiting Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on Kiwifruit

Abstract

Bacterial canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a devastating disease of kiwifruit, which is severely limiting the development of the kiwifruit industry. Ethylicin is a broad-spectrum plant biomimetic fungicide. However, its application in the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker is rarely reported, and the mechanism of ethylicin on Psa remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethylicin on Psa in vitro and in vivo and found that ethylicin can inhibit the growth of Psa and prevent the cankering in the plant stem. Mechanism investigation indicated that ethylicin acted by limiting the movement of Psa, destroying the cell membrane of Psa, and inhibiting the formation of Psa biofilm. In addition, it was also found through transcriptomics research that ethylicin can up-regulate the expression of genes related to protein export and biofilm formation–Pseudomonas aeruginosa and down-regulate the expression of genes related to flagellar assembly in Psa. This study concluded that ethylicin can effectively inhibit Psa growth, and it could help to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of ethylicin inhibiting Psa and provide practical data for the application of ethylicin as a highly potent agent for controlling the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit.

Ethylicin Inhibition of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola In Vitro and In Vivo

“…30 Briefly, 5 mL of Xoc (OD 595 = 0.6) was treated with ethylicin at concentrations of 1.10, 2.12, and 4.24 μg/mL, the 50 μg/ mL SC functioning as the positive control and not added as a negative control. The medium was kept at 28 °C for 5 days, removed, and then washed twice with distilled water before being stained for 15…”

“…actinidiae and prevent kiwifruit stem, can significantly upregulate protein export and biofilm formation genes, and significantly downregulate flagellar assembly-related genes by transcriptomics. 15 Because of the lack of reports on the use of ethylicin to control BLS, the mechanisms of its action on Xoc are still unclear. The results presented in this paper show that ethylicin is effective against Xoc both in vitro and in vivo.…”

Immune Mechanism of Ethylicin-Induced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice

“…Mechanically, studies have shown that ET could disrupt the cell membrane and flagella formation in Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae through transcriptomics and electron microscopy . The expression of amino acids, apoptosis-inducing factors, and virulence-related genes in Phytophthora nicotianae was disorganized under the combination of ET and melatonin .…”

“…Actinidiae through transcriptomics and electron microscopy. 18 The expression of amino acids, apoptosis-inducing factors, and virulence-related genes in Phytophthora nicotianae was disorganized under the combination of ET and melatonin. 19 Proteomic and metabolomic studies have shown that ET can inhibit ribosome function and amino acid metabolism of Phytophthora infestans, thus inhibiting protein synthesis.…”

First Report of Crown Gall of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Caused by Agrobacterium fabacearum in China and the Establishment of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique

“…Kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa ) is a berry fruit belonging to the Actinidiaceae family and it is rich in vitamin C and a variety of mineral elements [ 1 , 2 ]. Kiwifruit is often infected by plant pathogens, causing its food value and economic value to be seriously damaged by diseases, including soft rot, bacterial canker, and crown gall disease [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The pathogenic bacteria in Agrobacterium spp.…”