Transcriptome analysis of wheat spikes in response to Tilletia controversa Kühn which cause wheat dwarf bunt

Abstract

Wheat dwarf bunt is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, which is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. To explore the interaction of T. controversa and wheat, we analysed the transcriptome profile of spikes of the susceptible wheat cultivar Dongxuan 3, which was subjected to a T. controversa infection and a mock infection. The results obtained from a differential expression analysis of T. controversa-infected plants compared with mock-infected ones showed that 10,867 out of 21,354 genes were upregulated, while 10,487 genes were downregulated, and these genes were enriched in 205 different pathways. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defence against diseases, such as PR-related genes, WRKY transcription factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase genes, were more highly expressed in response to T. controversa infection. Additionally, a number of genes related to physiological attributes were expressed during infection. Three pathways were differentiated based on the characteristics of gene ontology classification. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that twenty genes were expressed differentially during the infection of wheat with T. controversa. Notable changes were observed in the transcriptomes of wheat plants after infection. The results of this study may help to elucidate the mechanism governing the interactions between this pathogen and wheat plants and may facilitate the development of new methods to increase the resistance level of wheat against T. controversa, including the overexpression of defence-related genes.

Regulated promoters applied to plant engineering: an insight over promising soybean promoters under biotic stress and their cis-elements

“…Insect attack and pathogen infection can induce plant defense mechanisms by activating or inhibiting the expression of different genes that are regulated through the activity of their respective promoters and transcription factors (Figure 1). With the advances in transcriptome sequencing, it has been possible to identify many genes induced by biotic stresses that may have numerous biotechnological applications in basic and applied research (Dong et al, 2018;Shukla et al, 2018;Koch et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2020). Moreover, a detailed study of promoters driving expression and regulation of biotic stress-responsive genes has identified attractive promoters with the potential to be used in the development of efficient transgenic plants resistant to several economically important insect-pests and pathogens that threaten global food production (Baruah et al, 2020).…”

Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Tilletia laevis Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat

“…Plants have evolved in a number of strategies to effectively fight against pathogens, involving a series of morph-physiological responses, including callose deposition, cell wall modifications, hypersensitive reactions, and the production of defense-related proteins, antimicrobial metabolites, and proteins ( Cohn et al, 2001 ; Muhae-Ud-Din et al, 2020a ; Ren et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). These morph-physiological responses are linked with numerous pathogenesis-related genes and transcription factors.…”

“…These morph-physiological responses are linked with numerous pathogenesis-related genes and transcription factors. Thus, with advancement in technology, approaches in comparative “omics” have effectively donated to the effort of defining gene functions and our understanding of their expression and alterations in accumulation during plant pathogen interactions ( Mathioni et al, 2011 ; Zhu et al, 2017 ; Ren et al, 2020 ). Transcriptome responses provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance during the interaction of plants and pathogens.…”

Variation in Gene Expression between Two Sorghum bicolor Lines Differing in Innate Immunity Response

“…Different approaches have been used to study sorghum’s resistance responses, identify defense compounds, and identify physical barriers against anthracnose (see reference [ 29 , 30 ] for review). Gene expression studies were widely used to identify candidate resistance genes in plants based on the differential expression between resistant and susceptible cultivars or non-inoculated and pathogen inoculated plants (e.g., references [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]). Wang et al, [ 37 ] performed transcriptomic analysis to study the response of sorghum cultivar BTx623 to C. sublineola .…”

“…Next generation high-throughput sequencing and study of transcriptomes can help to clarify fungal infection responses in plants and increase understanding about host responses. Transcriptome analyses were widely used to study plant responses to fungal infection in many plant species including cereal crops (e.g., references [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]). However, published data of comparative transcriptome analysis of cereal crops have primarily focused on the response to various pathogens.…”