Transcriptome Analysis of Garlic-Induced Hepatoprotection against Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Raghu, Rajasekaran; Liu, Chun Ting; Tsai, Mong-Hsun; Tang, Xiaojia; Kalari, Krishna R.; Subramanian, Subbaya; Sheen, Lee‐Yan

doi:10.1021/jf303800p

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Alcohol abuse results in hepatocytes damage, liver injury, and inflammation that lead to increased cell permeability and leakage of AST and ALT. Hence, elevated activities of AST and ALT in the plasma are hallmarks of hepatic damage [14,23]. In the present study, alcohol treatment significantly increased AST and ALT activities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Betulinic acid prevents alcohol-induced liver damage by improving the antioxidant system in mice

Xia

et al. 2014

J Vet Sci

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Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, has a wide range of bioactivities. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of BA and the potential mechanism underlying the ability of this compound to prevent liver damage induced by alcohol in vivo. Mice were given oral doses of BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and induced liver injury by feeding 50% alcohol orally at the dosage of 10 ml/kg after 1 h last administration of BA. BA pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerides in a dose-dependent manner in the mice administered alcohol. Hepatic levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were remarkably increased, while malondialdehyde contents and microvesicular steatosis in the liver were decreased by BA in a dose-dependent manner after alcohol-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of BA might be due to increased antioxidant capacity, mainly through improvement of the tissue redox system, maintenance of the antioxidant system, and decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Betulinic acid prevents alcohol-induced liver damage by improving the antioxidant system in mice

Xia

et al. 2014

J Vet Sci

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“…DADS can also induce cell cycle arrest in the G 2 /M phase and increase the expression of cyclin B1 in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells13. Using transcriptomics and proteomics, researchers have demonstrated that DADS-affected genes and proteins in cancer cells are involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and transcription, protein degradation, immunity, the cytoskeleton, oxidation-reduction and metabolism1415.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic insights into the allelopathic effects of the garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide on tomato roots

Cheng

Meng

2016

Sci Rep

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Garlic is an allelopathic crop that can alleviate the obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetable crops. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the most important allelochemicals in garlic, promotes tomato root growth. Therefore, the global transcriptome profiles of DADS-treated tomato roots over time were investigated to reveal the potential growth-promoting mechanisms. We detected 1828, 1296 and 1190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 4, 24 and 48 h samples, respectively. Most DEGs involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated after short-term (4 h) DADS treatment. In addition, increased activity of defensive enzymes and up-regulation of six peroxidase genes were observed, suggesting that DADS could induce tomato resistance. In plant-pathogen interactions, DEGs related to calcium signaling were primarily inhibited, while those encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were primarily up-regulated. Although plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction were both significantly affected by DADS, the expression trends of the genes in these two pathways were conflicting. This research provides comprehensive information concerning the changes in the tomato root transcriptome affected by DADS and may help direct further studies on DADS-responsive genes to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DADS alleviates the obstacles to continuous cropping.

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“…One previous study showed that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 could protect lung from oxidative injury by decreasing levels of lipid hydroperoxides (Lingappan et al, 2014), and the Present study demonstrated that CYP1A1 was upregulated at three time points and activated fatty acid metabolism at 3 and 9 weeks, suggesting that CYP1A1 may also play a protective role by activating fatty acid metabolism in liver cirrhosis. According to the IPA analysis, LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function ranked first in the identified canonical pathways, and the study performed by Raghu et al (2012) indicated that this pathway was involved in ethanol metabolism in alcoholic fatty liver. On the other hand, different concentration of alcohol were supplied for the model rats in this study, thus LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function might participate in rat LC occurrence by regulating lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship analysis between gene expression profiles and rat liver cirrhosis occurrence

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a kind of liver disease which is pathologically characterized by abnormality and necrosis of hepatic cells, proliferation of fibrous tissue, nodular regeneration and pseudolobule formation. To explore the mechanism of LC occurrence at the level of mRNA, Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to detect gene expression profiles of rat fibrotic livers in 3, 6 and 9 weeks after CCl 4 treatment in this study. It was found that a total of 305 genes including 153 up-regulated, 150 down-regulated and 2 up/down-regulated genes, were related to LC occurrence. Then, k-means clustering was employed to classify above 305 genes into 5 clusters based on gene expression similarity, and EASE analysis further indicated that the above genes were mainly associated with metabolic process, stress reaction, cell growth and apoptosis/death. Thereafter, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software was used to analyze potential effects of the above-mentioned 305 genes, and the results suggested that lipid metabolism and cell growth were inhibited while cell apoptosis/death was activated, but immune/inflammatory response was first activated and then inhibited. Furthermore, IPA also predicted that several signal pathways "ERK/MAPK Signaling", "p38 MAPK", "Endothelin-1 Signaling", "Growth Hormone Signaling", "LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function" and "IL-6 Signaling" were involved in regulating the occurrence of liver cirrhosis. It was concluded that 305 genes and 3 kinds of physiological activities were closely related to LC occurrence.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Garlic-Induced Hepatoprotection against Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

Betulinic acid prevents alcohol-induced liver damage by improving the antioxidant system in mice

Betulinic acid prevents alcohol-induced liver damage by improving the antioxidant system in mice

Transcriptomic insights into the allelopathic effects of the garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide on tomato roots

Relationship analysis between gene expression profiles and rat liver cirrhosis occurrence

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