Transcriptional Regulation of the Multiple Resistance Mechanisms in Salmonella—A Review

Wójcicki, Michał; Świder, Olga; Daniluk, Kamila J; Średnicka, Paulina; Akimowicz, Monika; Roszko, Marek; Sokołowska, Barbara; Juszczuk-Kubiak, Edyta

doi:10.3390/pathogens10070801

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(431 reference statements)

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“…Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains is a serious health problem worldwide. Mechanisms of Salmonella resistance are related especially to genes encoding proteins related to drug transport [ 24 , 25 ]. Shigella causes especially acute gastrointestinal infections and is increasingly becoming highly drug resistant [ 26 – 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of great importance due to the frequency of strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. This review, using a public health focused approach, which aims to understand and describe the current status of AMR in Morocco in relation to WHO priority pathogens and treatment guidelines. Methods PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Databases and grey literature are searched published articles on antimicrobial drug resistance data for GLASS priority pathogens isolated from Morocco between January 2011 and December 2021. Articles are screened using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. AMR data is extracted with medians and IQR of resistance rates. Results Forty-nine articles are included in the final analysis. The most reported bacterium is Escherichia coli with median resistance rates of 90.9%, 64.0%, and 56.0%, for amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and co-trimoxazole, respectively. Colistin had the lowest median resistance with 0.1%. A median resistance of 63.0% is calculated for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in Klebsiella pneumonia. Imipenem resistance with a median of 74.5% is reported for Acinetobacter baumannii. AMR data for Streptococcus pneumonie does not exceed 50.0% as a median. Conclusions Whilst resistance rates are high for most of GLASS pathogens, there are deficient data to draw vigorous conclusions about the current status AMR in Morocco. The recently join to the GLASS system surveillance will begin to address this data gap.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

et al. 2022

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“…According to the systematic review conducted in the Middle East and North Africa, Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis were the most prevalent serotypes [ 20 ]. The S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are among the top five most common serotypes reported in the United States [ 51 ], and they are associated with salmonellosis [ 52 – 54 ]. The current study recorded NTS Salmonella from both humans and the environment, and animals dominated by 86.8% of S. Typhimurium, followed by 13.2% of S. Enteritidis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Perspective of Salmonella Serovars in South Africa Using Pooled Prevalence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ramatla

Tawana

Onyiche

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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Salmonella is a bacterium that is commonly associated with food-borne infections and is regarded as one of the most important pathogens in public health. Salmonella serovars, particularly Typhimurium and Enteritidis, which are widely distributed globally, mainly result in outbreaks commonly linked to the consumption of animal products. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of Salmonella serovars from one health perspective that included human, environmental, and animal samples in South Africa. PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, and Scopus databases were used to conduct extensive searches of articles which were ultimately included or excluded following the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. According to the data obtained in this review, the overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella serovars detection were 79.6%, 61.6%, 56.5%, and 43.2% for human, environment, animal, and environment/animal samples in South Africa, respectively. The majority of the studies (50%) used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of Salmonella serovars, followed by culture methods (26.7%), while 20% used serotyping. The PPE for nontyphoidal Salmonellae (NTS) was 65.6% and 34.4% for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Our data further shows that 3 serovars, namely, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteriditis, and Salmonella Hadar, have been isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. Our results highlight the ongoing spread of Salmonella spp. especially on animals which might end up infecting humans via direct contact with infected animals or eating infected animal products. This calls for deliberate “One Health” epidemiological studies in order to document information on the transmission between humans, animals, and the environment. This will ultimately result in the formulation of a consolidated salmonellosis control policy by the environmental, human, and veterinary health sectors.

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“…This is due to the gene encoding the transporter located in a promoter-proximal position, periplasmic protein, and then put forward by the gene encoding an OM component. 105,106 In S. Typhi, the MFS superfamily contains several efflux pumps, such as EmrAB, MdfA, SmvA, FloR, STY0901, and STY2458, that are responsible for the efflux of antibiotics from the cell. 97,107 The MATE superfamily is the smallest secondary active transport system.…”

Section: And Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Membrane Proteins and Efflux Pumps Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Salmonella: Rising Threat to Antimicrobial Therapy

Akshay,

Deekshit,

Mohan Raj

et al. 2023

ACS Infect. Dis.

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Despite colossal achievements in antibiotic therapy in recent decades, drug-resistant pathogens have remained a leading cause of death and economic loss globally. One such WHO-critical group pathogen is Salmonella. The extensive and inappropriate treatments for Salmonella infections have led from multi-drug resistance (MDR) to extensive drug resistance (XDR). The synergy between efflux-mediated systems and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) may favor MDR in Salmonella. Differential expression of the efflux system and OMPs (influx) and positional mutations are the factors that can be correlated to the development of drug resistance. Insights into the mechanism of influx and efflux of antibiotics can aid in developing a structurally stable molecule that can be proficient at escaping from the resistance loops in Salmonella. Understanding the strategic responsibilities and developing policies to address the surge of drug resistance at the national, regional, and global levels are the needs of the hour. In this Review, we attempt to aggregate all the available research findings and delineate the resistance mechanisms by dissecting the involvement of OMPs and efflux systems. Integrating major OMPs and the efflux system’s differential expression and positional mutation in Salmonella may provide insight into developing strategic therapies for one health application.

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Transcriptional Regulation of the Multiple Resistance Mechanisms in Salmonella—A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 173 publications

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

One Health Perspective of Salmonella Serovars in South Africa Using Pooled Prevalence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Outer Membrane Proteins and Efflux Pumps Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Salmonella: Rising Threat to Antimicrobial Therapy

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