Transcriptional regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

Shen, Qian; Yan, Tingxiang; Fu, Xueqing; Tang, Kexuan

doi:10.1007/s11434-015-0983-9

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The four key genes ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2 and ALDH1 of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway were identified to have the trichome-specific expression patterns as reported by the promoter-GUS fusion assays (Wang et al, , 2012(Wang et al, , 2016Jiang et al, 2014). Although a few transcription factors that regulate artemisinin biosynthesis have been identified, knowledge about how this regulatory network functions is far from complete (Shen et al, 2016b). Therefore, the exploration of new transcription factors (especially glandular trichome-specific ones) would facilitate enrichment of the regulatory network of artemisinin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GLANDULAR TRICHOME‐SPECIFIC WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

et al. 2016

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Artemisinin is a type of sesquiterpene lactone well known as an antimalarial drug, and is specifically produced in glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua. However, the regulatory network for the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway remains poorly understood. Exploration of trichome-specific transcription factors would facilitate the elucidation of regulatory mechanism of artemisinin biosynthesis. The WRKY transcription factor GLANDULAR TRICHOME-SPECIFIC WRKY 1 (AaGSW1) was cloned and analysed in A. annua. AaGSW1 exhibited similar expression patterns to the trichome-specific genes of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and AP2/ERF transcription factor AaORA. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assay further demonstrated that AaGSW1 is a glandular trichome-specific transcription factor. AaGSW1 positively regulates CYP71AV1 and AaORA expression by directly binding to the W-box motifs in their promoters. Overexpression of AaGSW1 in A. annua significantly improves artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid contents; moreover, AaGSW1 can be directly regulated by AaMYC2 and AabZIP1, which are positive regulators of jasmonate (JA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated artemisinin biosynthetic pathways, respectively. These results demonstrate that AaGSW1 is a glandular trichome-specific WRKY transcription factor and a positive regulator in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, we propose that two trifurcate feed-forward pathways involving AaGSW1, CYP71AV1 and AaMYC2/AabZIP1 function in the JA/ABA response in A. annua.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaves of 4‐month‐old A. annua plants grown in the glasshouse were collected and dried at 50°C, and then used for the measurement of artemisinin, DHAA and AA contents by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described previously (Shen et al ., ,b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLANDULAR TRICHOME‐SPECIFIC WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

et al. 2016

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“…Recently, differences were observed in the structure of CYP71AV1 (Ting et al 2013) and the DBR2 promoter (Yang et al 2015) between high (AN [ AB) and low (AN \ AB) AN producers with thoughts that this may result in altered enzyme activities. Furthermore, plant growth regulators, such as jasmonate, ethylene abscisic acid, and gibberellins seem to modulate a variety of transcription factors, many of which are associated with artemisinin regulation including AaWRKY1, AaERF1 and 2, AaORA, AabZIP1, AabHLH1, and TAR1 (Shen et al 2016). All of these bind to amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase (ADS) and CYP71AV1, except for TAR1, which binds to CYP71AV1 and DBR2.…”

Section: Rootstock Effects On Artemisinic Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root regulation of artemisinin production in Artemisia annua: trichome and metabolite evidence

Wang

Towler

Weathers

2016

Planta

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Roots of plants with high artemisinin-producing leaves increased leaf production of artemisinin in low-producing plants and vice versa indicating roots are involved in controlling artemisinin biosynthesis in shoots. The anti-malarial sesquiterpene, artemisinin, is produced and stored in glandular trichomes (GLTs) of Artemisia annua. Evidence suggested roots, which produce no significant artemisinin nor precursor compounds, regulate production of artemisinin biosynthesis in the leaves. Using grafting, we studied the relationship between rootstock and scion by measuring GLTs and five artemisinic metabolites (artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, arteannuin B) in scions of ungrafted, self-grafted, and cross-grafted plants among three cultivars: S and 15 both having GLTs with artemisinin at 1.49 and 0.57 %, respectively, and G producing neither GLTs nor detectable artemisinin. All artemisinin-producing self-grafts, e.g., S/S (scion/rootstock) and 15/15, produced more artemisinin than ungrafted plants, likely from grafting stress. S/S grafts also produced more GLTs. The 15/S grafts produced more artemisinin than S/15, suggesting rootstocks from high producing S plants stimulated artemisinin production in 15 scions. S/15 grafts yielded less artemisinin than S/S, but more than either 15/15 or ungrafted n15 and nS; S/15 grafts also had a lower density of GLTs than S/S, suggesting rootstock inhibition of the scion. The S rootstock induced trace artemisinin production in G scions, but did not induce GLT formation in G/S grafts. Different grafts exhibited different trichome morphologies and effects on artemisinic pathway flux. This study provides new information regarding the role of roots in GLT development and artemisinin production in this important medicinal plant.

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“…It is known that terpene is derived from mevalonate and the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. [31,32] These two pathways contain a number of genes such as acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phospate synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, ent-kaurene synthase and so on. Many studies have shown that diterpenoid derives from the MEP pathway.…”

Section: Candidate Genes Encoding Enzymes Involved In Terpene Biosyntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the transcriptome ofIsodon rubescensand key enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis

Chen

et al. 2016

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Isodon rubescens is an important medicinal plant in China that has been shown to reduce tumour growth due to the presence of the compound oridonin. In an effort to facilitate molecular research on oridonin biosynthesis, we reported the use of next generation massively parallel sequencing technologies and de novo transcriptome assembly to gain a comprehensive overview of I. rubescens transcriptome. In our study, a total of 50,934,276 clean reads, 101,640 transcripts and 44,626 unigenes were generated through de novo transcriptome assembly. A number of unigenes À 23, 987,10,263, 7359,18,245,17,683,19,485, 9361 À were annotated in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein (Nr), NCBI nucleotide sequences (Nt), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO), Swiss-Prot, protein family (Pfam), gene ontology (GO), eukaryotic ortholog groups (KOG) databases, respectively. Furthermore, the annotated unigenes were functionally classified according to the GO, KOG and KEGG. Based on these results, candidate genes encoding enzymes involved in terpenoids backbone biosynthesis were detected. Our data provided the most comprehensive sequence resource available for the study on I. rubescens, as well as demonstrated the effective use of Illumina sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly on a species lacking genomic information.

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Transcriptional regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

Cited by 53 publications

References 81 publications

GLANDULAR TRICHOME‐SPECIFIC WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

GLANDULAR TRICHOME‐SPECIFIC WRKY 1 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua

Root regulation of artemisinin production in Artemisia annua: trichome and metabolite evidence

Analysis of the transcriptome ofIsodon rubescensand key enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis

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