1998
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-17-06672.1998
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Transcriptional Effects of Estrogen on Neuronal Neurotensin Gene Expression Involve cAMP/Protein Kinase A-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms

Abstract: Steroid hormones exert dramatic effects on neuronal expression of genes that encode neuropeptides. Expression of the neurotensin/neuromedin (NT/N) gene in preoptic area neurons is dramatically enhanced by estrogen in vivo, even though its promoter lacks palindromic estrogen response elements. We report here that estrogen promotes transcription of this gene by interactions with the cAMP cascade in a neuronal cell line, SK-N-SH, and in a mouse model. In neuroblastoma cells, estrogen increases cAMP and the phosph… Show more

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Cited by 160 publications
(92 citation statements)
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“…The hypothalamus is a sexually dimorphic organ, and all of the included analyses were performed in males, thus the influence of gender on these QTL cannot be ascertained until the experiment is repeated in females. This is particularly critical for the NT system, as this system is known to be responsive to estrogen and to change predictably across the estrous cycle (Watters and Dorsa, 1998;Kinkead et al, 2000).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hypothalamus is a sexually dimorphic organ, and all of the included analyses were performed in males, thus the influence of gender on these QTL cannot be ascertained until the experiment is repeated in females. This is particularly critical for the NT system, as this system is known to be responsive to estrogen and to change predictably across the estrous cycle (Watters and Dorsa, 1998;Kinkead et al, 2000).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SK-N-SH cells respond to numerous insults including β-amyloid, mitochondrial permeability transition, and serum deprivation, indicating that this cell line could be very useful in the assessment of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection [4]. SK-N-SH cells have been used by this and other laboratories [5,20,21,46,[48][49][50][51]56] as an in vitro model for studying potential neuroprotection mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to contribute to the cytoprotective effect of pyruvate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, E2 binding to its known receptors or a novel membrane ER can upregulate cAMP in hypothalamic neurons by increasing adenylyl cyclase activity (Lagrange et al, 1997). Cyclic-AMP activates PKA, which in turn phosphorylates cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and elicits new gene transcription (Zhou et al, 1996, Watters and Dorsa, 1998, Abraham et al, 2004. Therefore, genes with CRE binding sites can be activated within a relatively short time course in neurons independent of estrogen receptors interacting with EREs.…”
Section: Membrane-initiated Signaling Of E2mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, genes with CRE binding sites can be activated within a relatively short time course in neurons independent of estrogen receptors interacting with EREs. These actions of estrogen via pCREB result in activation of genes encoding neurotransmitters such as dopamine, enkephalin, dynorphin and neurotensin, which are all critical for hypothalamic function (Gu et al, 1996, Watters andDorsa, 1998). Moreover, in hypothalamic (mouse) GnRH neurons the rapid phosphorylation of CREB following E2 treatment is observed in ERα but not in ERβ knockout mice indicating a role for ERβ in the acute activation by pCREB in GnRH neurons (Abraham et al, 2003).…”
Section: Membrane-initiated Signaling Of E2mentioning
confidence: 99%