Transcript profiling of a bitter variety of narrow-leafed lupin to discover alkaloid biosynthetic genes

Abstract

We report the first transcript profiling of a high-alkaloid lupin variety and identify a new alkaloid biosynthetic gene, thus accelerating the efforts to develop alkaloid-free lupin crops.

Characterization of the genetic factors affecting quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis and its response to abiotic stress in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifoliusL.)

“…Lup000530.1 was detected in the stem and leaf tissue of P27255 but not in any tissues of Tanjil and Unicrop (Figure S1) and represented a good candidate for involvement in the QA biosynthetic pathway. The enzymatic function of this gene was recently validated by Yang et al () and is designated LaCAO for follow‐up gene expression analysis in this study.…”

“…LaL/ODC is involved in the first step of the QA biosynthetic pathway, the decarboxylation of lysine to the intermediate cadaverine (Bunsupa et al, ). A copper amine oxidase functions in the deamination of cadaverine to yield a pathway intermediate common to the formation of all QAs (Golebiewski & Spenser, ; Leistner & Spenser, ), with LaCAO recently identified as being involved in this reaction (Yang et al, ). After the formation of QAs such as lupanine, sparteine, multiflorine, and lupinine, further modification can yield a variety of structurally related QAs (Ohmiya, Saito, & Murakoshi, ; Saito, Suzuki, Takamatsu, & Murakoshi, ; Suzuki, Murakoshi, & Saito, ; Wink & Hartmann, ).…”

Metabolic diversification of nitrogen‐containing metabolites by the expression of a heterologous lysine decarboxylase gene in Arabidopsis

“…Phylogenetic analysis using all eight CuAO or CuAO-like enzymes from Arabidopsis with other plant CuAOs resulted in the formation of three major clades ( Figure S15). Among the eight Arabidopsis CuAOs, AtCuAO3 was classified in clade III, which included four previously characterized enzymes from L. angustifolius (LaCuAO), N. tabacum (NtDAO1 and NtMPO) and Malus domestica (MdAO1), all of which have shown activity towards cadaverine (Naconsie et al, 2014;Zarei et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2017). Figure 5.…”

The role of jasmonate signalling in quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, wounding and aphid predation response in narrow-leafed lupin

“…Primers used in this study for quantitative real-time -PCR have been described previously (Frick et al 2018). These primers are used to amplify the quantitative real-time PCR reference gene L. angustifolius UBC9-like (LaUBC9-like; Lup018255.1), QA biosynthetic genes LaL/ODC (Lup009726.1) (Bunsupa et al 2012), LaCAO (Lup000530.1) (Yang et al 2017a) and LaHMT/ HLT (Lup022251.1) (Okada et al 2005) and candidate biosynthetic gene LaAT (Lup021586.1) (Bunsupa et al 2011).…”

“…We then measured the expression of four key QA biosynthetic genes in response to these treatments and compared this expression to the observed induction of the JA pathway. Although the QA biosynthetic pathway is only partly elucidated (Frick et al 2017), genes that have been molecularly characterised as having a role in QA biosynthesis include L. angustifolius lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (LaL/ODC), L. angustifolius copper amine oxidase (LaCAO) and L. albus tigloyl-CoA: (Okada et al 2005;Bunsupa et al 2012;Yang et al 2017a). L. angustifolius acyltransferase (LaAT) has also been suggested as being involved in QA biosynthesis (Bunsupa et al 2011).…”