Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement–Associated Infective Endocarditis: Comparison of Early, Intermediate, and Late-Onset Cases

Kaur, Simrat; Samra, Gursharan; Kaur, Manpreet; Shrestha, Nabin K.; Gordon, Steve; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Kapadia, Samir; Krishnaswamy, Amar; Reed, Grant W.; Puri, Rishi; Svensson, Lars G.; Jaber, Wael A.; Griffin, Brian P.; Xu, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.shj.2022.100005

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results contradict a study that found that the incidence rates at the one-year follow-up for both early and late IE were 1.48 and 0.4 per 100 person-years, respectively [ 29 ]. Kaur et al observed that the incidence of early and late onset of TAVR was identical, with most IE occurring at an immediate time at 60% [ 33 ]. One study assessed the trends in the diagnosis of early IE and found a decreasing trend [ 23 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Del Val et al reported that etiological differences contribute to the time IE is diagnosed following TAVR and found that patients infected with S. aureus were diagnosed an average of 1.6 months before non- S. aureus -infected patients [ 24 ]. One analysis on TAVR studies showed the age at which a person tended to develop IE, and the average age of patients who developed IE was 77.25 years old between the studies [ 18 , 22 , 25 , 33 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another factor evaluated was who was more likely to develop TAVR-associated IE. These patients were more likely to be men; had a history of diabetes; had higher EuroSCOREs; had a history of neoplasia, chronic renal failure, and chronic lung disease; had a BMI average of 33.1 kg/m 2 ; and likely had a transcatheter prosthesis that was mechanically expandable [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 ]. Most studies agreed that patients who had developed IE were at least 79.4 years old, but one study by Mentias et al observed that their patients tended to be older only in the development of late IE [ 18 , 19 , 26 , 29 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies observed Streptococcus as the most common microorganism, usually seen in IE stemming from dental procedures [ 13 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 ]. Two other studies observed that S. aureus was the most common microorganism causing IE [ 29 , 33 ]. The risk of S. aureus infection was usually healthcare-associated and was increased in skin and soft tissue infections and vascular access [ 24 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survival rates of patients with TAVR-associated IE at discharge were 61.4% and 54.4% at one year, and 37.5% of patients survived an average of 709 days following conservative management [ 19 , 33 ]. Non-community onset, late-onset, S. aureus , and abscess formation were significantly associated with worse outcomes [ 21 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Infective Endocarditis Following Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review

Slouha,

Rood,

Burle

et al. 2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) successfully treats aortic valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation from aging or bicuspid aortic valves. The procedure intends to restore the obstructed left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). AVR can be performed surgically (surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR); open heart) or via transcatheter (transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)), typically done through a femoral approach as a minimally invasive procedure, allowing for quicker recovery and reduced hospital stays. AVR has many complications, including life-threatening ones, such as infective endocarditis (IE), retarding the recovery process and increasing mortality following surgery. IE is an uncommon and deadly condition that involves multiple organ systems and is caused by bacteremia stemming from a microorganism that enters the bloodstream. Many manifestations are involved in the development of IE, such as fevers, flu-like symptoms, splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes, abscesses, and vegetations found on the valves at the leaflets. Vegetations and abscesses tend to create further complications, such as stroke and acute kidney injury, as emboli block blood flow, leading to ischemia and damage. This paper aims to evaluate the difference in SAVR- and TAVR-associated IE, as the goal is to elucidate a danger that diminishes the positive effects of either procedure despite its rarity. Studies have been inconclusive in determining whether or not there is a trend, let alone a difference in incident rates. Both procedures share similar risk factors, but SAVR-associated IE is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and studies indicate possibly Enterococcus spp. in TAVR-associated IE. Incident rates of IE are much higher than they should be, whether or not they differ between procedures, and future research needs to consider the pathways and risk factors that can be used to reduce the occurrence of AVR-associated IE.

show abstract

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%