Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy: Feto‐maternal transfusions in relation to pregnancy outcome

Abstract

Volumes of feto-maternal transfusions (FMTs) in transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TACVS) in the second trimester of pregnancy were calculated from the difference between maternal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations before and 1 h after TACVS. In 50 pregnancies, there existed no correlation between FMT volume and the amount of villi collected or the number of TACVS attempts. The expected risk of fetal exsanguination due to very voluminous FMT could not be substantiated. In one case, immunization could have been the cause of hydrops fetalis, although only a volume of 0.15 ml could be calculated.

Fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBCS) in chorionic villus sample supernatant fluids: an additional source of fetal material for karyotype confirmation

“…To our knowledge, all the babies born up to date were normal. This is in agreement with previous reports (Smidt-Jensen et al, 1986;Los et al, 1989) that there seems to be no correlation between exsanguination of the fetus due to voluminous feto-maternal transfusion at the time of CVS and subsequent fetal development.…”

Increased Severity of Fetal Hemolytic Disease with Known Rhesus Alloimmunization after First-Trimester Transcervical Chorionic Villus Biopsy

“…In a similar manner, Los et al [8] noted FMH of 0.30 ml or greater in 10 of 50 patients after transabdominal CVS. Since the transfer of as little as 0.28 ml of fetal blood into the mater nal circulation has been reported to produce a secondary immune response in 100% of 14 volunteers [9], it would appear that a signifi cant percentage of transcervical CVS is asso ciated with a risk for invoking an anamnestic antibody response in the alloimmunized pa tient.…”

The effect of chorionic villus sampling on the number of fetal cells isolated from maternal blood and on maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels

“…This was demonstrated by elevated levels of MSAFP measured after TA-CVS. Estimates of the extent of the FMT have indicated cases in which up to 40 per cent of the fetal plasma volume has leaked into the maternal circulation (Los et al, 1989;Rodeck et al, 1993;Smidt-Jensen et al, 1994;Brezinka et al, 1995). In spite of this extensive trauma, fetal demise as a result of TA-CVS is rare and has been documented only in sporadic cases (Los et al, 1993).…”

“…This FMT has also been postulated to occur as a consequence of transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS), which was shown to induce an increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels (Los et al, 1989(Los et al, , 1993Smidt-Jensen et al, 1993;Brezinka et al, 1995). In the present study, we investigated whether the transfer of fetal plasma components after TA-CVS is accompanied by a concurrent increase in the number of fetal nucleated cells in the maternal circulation.…”