Trans-identity in Benin: Fact or Fiction? Social Response and Consequences

Abstract

Transgender individuals are recognized globally as a key population that is at heightened risk than the general population for transmitting and contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One of the social outcomes of the gender transition process is the adoption of risky behaviours as coping strategies. Examining the unique health-related needs of transgender individuals in Benin, this study describes the experience of being transgender, along with the social and community ramifications associated with this identity. The research team conducted a cross-sectional study in 2017. Study participants were recruited via respondent-driven sampling among networks across Benin. Inclusion criteria included self-identifying as transgender and being over 15 years of age. Data were collected via questionnaires regarding individuals' management of the gender transition, reactions within their community and social spheres, and engagement in risky behaviours. A total of 326 transgender individuals were identified with a majority of participants being born biologically male (89.57%). The average age was 24.13±4.88, with a strong representation of students (36.50%). In 64.72% of cases, participants' families were informed of their transgender identity. The overall attitude of families was of acceptance/support in 7 cases out of 10. Stigmatization and discrimination were reported by 50% of the subjects and 59.02% were subjected to at least one assault. Among these, half were unable to pursue legal action in response, with the main reason being a lack of knowledge of their options for legal recourse. Having multiple sexual partners was the most common risky behaviour among participants, occurring in 81.54% of the cases. Transgender individuals constitute a population with specific needs in Benin. The services and interventions dedicated to this population must integrate the prevention of STIs and HIV, along with providing legal, social and psychological support.

Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

“…Elsewhere in the region, a quantitative survey in Benin with 34 trans men addressed social determinants of health such as community attitudes towards gender diversity, as well as substance use. 72 Qualitative studies from Zimbabwe and Lesotho included one and three trans men and discussed healthcare discrimination and community and family rejection of gender diversity, respectively. 36 73 Finally, a Ugandan qualitative study on HIV prevention and treatment interviewed 30 people assigned female at birth who self-identified as men, ‘lesbian men’, or ‘transgender lesbians’.…”

“…31 41 ► Multiple sexual partnerships. 72 Social determinants of health ► Peer rejection or bullying in childhood or adolescence. 24 44 45 66 ► Discrimination or violence related to gender.…”

“…65 ► Community acceptance of gender identity. 72 Substance use ► Alcohol and drug use. 52 54 72 ► Smoking.…”