Trampling, Poaching and the Effect of Traffic

Rentzel, Philippe; Nicosia, Cristiano; Gebhardt, Anne; Brönnimann, David; Pümpin, Christine; Ismail‐Meyer, Kristin

doi:10.1002/9781118941065.ch30

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In such cases, deformation features will tend to cross and destroy layer boundaries. In the majority of cases of trampling by human traffic on wet surfaces, pervasive shearing has not been recorded (Rentzel et al, ). The same is probably true with pervasive fissility (Figures ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important issue that needs further discussion is the possibility of distinguishing between intentional and unintentional anthropogenic deformation features, and particularly between constructed floors (including their resurfacing) and trampled occupations deposits and generally, deposits formed by use of the floors (e.g., Gé et al, 1993). According to the work of Rentzel and Narten (2000) and Rentzel et al (2017) trampling by human traffic on wet surfaces, pervasive shearing has not been recorded (Rentzel et al, 2017). The same is probably true with pervasive fissility (Figures 13-15).…”

Section: Problems Of Equifinalitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Clay intercalations as a result of slaking and platy voids or fissures related to compression have been reported in mud bricks and floors (Courty, Goldberg, & Macphail, , p. 125; D. E. Friesem, Karkanas, Tsartsidou, & Shahack‐Gross, ; Gé, Courty, Matthews, & Wattez, ; Macphail & Goldberg, ; Matthews, French, Lawrence, & Cutler, ; Matthews, French, Lawrence, Cutler, & Jones, ; Milek, ). Very recently, microscopic deformation structures have been identified in a variety of archaeological deposits including deposits formed exclusively by anthropogenic processes (D. E. Friesem et al, ; D. Friesem, Wattez, & Onfray, ; Karkanas & Goldberg, ; Karkanas & van de Moortel, ; Karkanas, Brown, Fisher, Jacobs, & Marean, ; Rentzel et al, ). The occurrence of deformation fabrics can be implied in cases where there is an alignment of material due to stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, microscopic deformation structures have been identified in a variety of archaeological deposits including deposits formed exclusively by anthropogenic processes (D. E. Friesem et al, 2014;D. Friesem, Wattez, & Onfray, 2017;Karkanas & Goldberg, 2013;Karkanas & van de Moortel, 2014;Karkanas, Brown, Fisher, Jacobs, & Marean, 2015;Rentzel et al, 2017). The occurrence of deformation fabrics can be implied in cases where there is an alignment of material due to stresses.…”

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Microscopic deformation structures in archaeological contexts

Karkanas

2018

Geoarchaeology

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Evidence of deformation at the microscopic level in archaeological contexts is rather rare. To address the problem of identification of deformation structures, a series of experimental floors were prepared and studied by micromorphological analysis. Ethnographic samples of constructed floors and mud bricks were also used. Constructed floors and mud bricks from prehistoric sites were then reanalyzed in light of the experimental findings and compared with the ethnographic ones. Small‐scale debris and mud flows from archaeological contexts were also analyzed to identify microscopic deformation structures that could be compared with the rich available literature on such sediments. Microscopic deformation structures were identified in all types of samples: they included rotational and planar features, fold structures, boudins, and other squeezed features, shear planes, and water‐escape features. It appears that in some cases there is no clear difference between microscopic deformation features that develop in either geogenic or anthropogenic deposits. Furthermore, there is some overlap between deformation features produced by trampling and those in the formation of mud constructions that needs to be resolved with more experimental work. Nevertheless, trampling of water‐saturated sediment produces deformation features that, for the most part, are the result of compression and not shearing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problems Of Equifinalitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic deformation structures in archaeological contexts

Karkanas

2018

Geoarchaeology

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“…The geoarchaeological investigations in the 1990s were mainly concerned with pedological questions, the investigation of pits, and assessing formation processes (Rentzel, 1997, 1998; Rentzel et al, 2017). Between 2011 and 2015, within the framework of an interdisciplinary research project, the focus was on how the dead at Basel‐Gasfabrik were treated and on how these treatments differed from one another (Pichler et al, 2015, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hidden Midden: Geoarchaeological investigation of sedimentation processes, waste disposal practices, and resource management at the La Tène settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik (Switzerland)

et al. 2020

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To interpret artifact assemblages, it is necessary to understand the processes that have formed and influenced them: layer formation processes, cultural practices, and the way resources were used. In this study, we present our results of micromorphologically analyzed pits, ditches, house floors, and occupation layers found within the younger Iron Age settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik. We defined 11 microfacies types and put them into a spatial and stratigraphic context. In addition, we quantify waste categories according to the archaeological features and microfacies types. Our results suggest that some ditches played a role in the spatial organization of the settlement, others were used as water canals. Several pits show a secondary use as roofed construction in the context of handicrafts. In addition, mapping the microfacies types reveals a differentiated use of space. Finally, differences between waste categories are visible. Dung was used as fuel and probably as fertilizer, whereas animal bone fragments and ceramic sherds have been stored on rubbish dumps, where they were available as raw material. These new insights into the use of pits, ditches, and settlement areas as well as the handling of resources provide an important basis for understanding everyday life in the settlement of Basel‐Gasfabrik.

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