Tramadol improved the efficacy of ketamine–xylazine anaesthesia in young pigs

Ajadi, Adetola R; Olusa, T. A. O.; Smith, O. F.; Ajibola, E. S.; Adeleye, E. O.; Adenubi, Olubukola Tolulope; Makinde, F. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00496.x

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…the iM administration of tRa permitted to reduce the stress, to facilitate intubation, to reduce the dose of induction agents and to improve the recovery time, as previously reported in different anaesthetic protocols in piglet [1,41]. Moreover, it has been reported that tRa produces synergistic interaction with Med on analgesia and with aCe on sedation [1,9,57]. furthermore, a practice advantage of tRa is that in many countries the regulation concerning its use is less strict than for other opioids [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…this novel anaesthetic protocol also included the administration of tRa, an analgesic drug with mixed opioid and nonopioid activities used both in humans and animals as a pre-medication compound [1]. the iM administration of tRa permitted to reduce the stress, to facilitate intubation, to reduce the dose of induction agents and to improve the recovery time, as previously reported in different anaesthetic protocols in piglet [1,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

et al. 2014

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Nowadays, because of increasing employment of swine for experimental studies and medical training, it is hopeful to investigate novel and effective anaesthetic protocols for preserving the animal welfare in medical investigation and concurrently improving the quality of research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a novel and effective anaesthetic protocol in swine undergoing major surgery, by translating know-how of combined anaesthesia from human protocols. Seven landrace swine were anaesthetized for three hours by a combined trial anaesthetic protocol (sedation: medetomidine, acepromazine, atropine and tramadol; induction: propofol, medetomidine and acepromazine; anaesthesia: isofluorane, propofol, medetomidine and acepromazine) and both clinical and haemodynamic parameters were compared with those of five swine anaesthetized with a control protocol (sedation: diazepam, ketamine and atropina; induction: diazepam and ketamine; anaesthesia: isofluorane). Both cardiac frequency (CF) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were significantly (P<0.05) more stable in trial protocol (CF: 78.3 ± 4.6-81.1 ± 5, MBP: 63.9 ± 10.7-96.4 ± 13.0) compared to control protocol (CF: 93.7 ± 5.5-102.5 ± 8.5, MBP: 71.0 ± 6.6-108.7 ± 7.2). The body temperature remained stable in trial protocol (°C: 36.9 ± 0.7-37.2 ± 0.3) compared to control anaesthesia (°C: 36.4 ± 0.3-37.3 ± 0.2, P<0.05). Haematosis improved undergoing combined anaesthesia (+2%, P<0.05) whereas did not change in control animals. There were no differences in respiratory rate between trial and control protocols. This study demonstrates that the proposed balanced intravenous-inhalant protocol permits to carry out a very effective, stable and safe anaesthesia in swine undergoing deep anaesthesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

et al. 2014

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“…Xylazine is an α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, sedative, and muscle relaxant widely used for analgesia and for improving the well-being of animals preoperatively, as it induces a sleep-like state characterised by decreased respiratory and heart rates (Hewson et al 2007). Ajadi et al (2009) reported a decreased heart rate after the administration of a combination of ketamine and xylazine. The heart rate decreased in all the pigs during anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ketamine/xylazine premedication on emulsified isoflurane general anaesthesia in swine undergoing embryo transplantation

Jiang¹,

Hu²,

Fan³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Cardiorespiratory effects were assessed during ketamine/xylazine premedication followed by emulsified isoflurane anaesthesia in swine undergoing experimental embryo transplantation. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and xylazine (3.5 mg/kg) were premedicated intravenously, followed by continuous administration of intravenous emulsified isoflurane (2.8 ml/kg/h). Cardiorespiratory parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature, were recorded in sows undergoing surgical embryo transplantation. Ketamine/xylazine premedication resulted in anaesthetic induction and lateral recumbency within 1 minute without any adverse effects. The physiological changes observed after drug administration remained within biologically acceptable limits. In conclusion, the combination of ketamine/xylazine provided anaesthetic induction, muscle relaxation, and analgesia sufficient for emulsified isoflurane intravenous anaesthesia. There were no adverse events in the experimental animals. This finding supports the use of emulsified isoflurane following ketamine/xylazine premedication in pigs.

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“…Ketamine-butorphanol combination has been tried and the combination prized for its good visceral analgesia for which ketamine alone is weak (Sawyer et al, 1993;Lamont et al, 2000). However, the routine use of butorphanol is limited in most countries due to strict regulation and high cost (Ajadi et al, 2009;Egger et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine (BorerWeir, 2014), and is less expensive, less restricted and more readily available in poor resource settings (Ajadi et al, 2009). It is a centrally acting opiate analgesic that has not been well studied in avian species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens

Eyarefe¹,

Oguntoye²

2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Tramadol improved the efficacy of ketamine–xylazine anaesthesia in young pigs

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

Effects of ketamine/xylazine premedication on emulsified isoflurane general anaesthesia in swine undergoing embryo transplantation

Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens

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