Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions

Schäfer, Sarah; Kunzler, Angela; Kalisch, Raffaël; Tüscher, Oliver; Michael, Tanja

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.017

Cited by 51 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…As stress is one of the leading causes of the onset and persistence of mental disorders 17 , it is not surprising that the COVID-19 pandemic has serious mental health consequences for substantial parts of the population 18 . In line with this notion, meta-analyses found increased symptom distress 15,19 and elevated rates of depressive and anxiety disorders in the general population 18 .…”

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Kunzler et al 10 and Schäfer et al 15 . Other concepts that are discussed as resilience factors are hope (closely related to optimism), meaning and purpose in life (closely related to the meaningfulness component of sense of coherence), positive emotions/affect and self-esteem, with the latter two being investigated as resilience factor, resilience mechanism and outcome 98,99 .…”

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being the hitherto largest and most disruptive global stressor of the 21 st century, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important use case for resilience research 15 . Stress caused by COVID-19 not only results from the fear of the virus, but also from the substantial impact of containment measures such as school closures 16 .…”

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independent from the use of network models, there is little knowledge on RFs, their interrelations, and predictive values for mental health during the pandemic. Existing evidence remains mostly limited to the first wave of the pandemic until summer 2020 15 . Most research has been conducted on (perceived) social support, which may be caused by the potential harm due to social isolation during the pandemic 23 .…”

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interrelations of resilience factors and their incremental impact for mental health: Insights from network modeling using a prospective study across seven timepoints

Michael¹,

Fritz²,

Sopp³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Resilience as an outcome can be viewed as trajectory of stable good mental health or the quick regain of mental health during or after stressor exposure. Resilience factors (RFs) are psychological resources that buffer the potential negative effects of stress on mental health. A problem of resilience research is the large number of conceptually overlapping RFs complicating their understanding as well as the planning and evaluation of resilience interventions. The current study sheds light on interrelations of RFs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic as a use case for major disruptions. The prospective study assessed a population sample of 1,275 German-speaking people (Mage=50.06, 51.5% female) from February 2020 to March 2021 at six critical timepoints during the pandemic. We assessed coping, hardiness, control beliefs, optimism, self-efficacy, sense of coherence (SOC), sense of mastery, social support as well as dispositional resilience as psychological RFs in February 2020, and mental health (i.e., psychopathological symptoms, COVID-19-related rumination, stress-related growth) at all timepoints. Analyses used partial correlation network models and LASSO regressions. Pre-pandemic RFs were strongly interrelated with SOC being the most central node. During the pandemic, networks for all outcomes remained stable. Pre-pandemic SOC was the strongest partial correlate of psychopathological symptoms and COVID-19-related rumination, while stress-related growth showed unique associations with positive reframing and optimism. LASSO regressions supported SOC’s incremental validity beyond other RFs for psychopathological symptoms and COVID-19-related rumination, while SOC was unrelated to stress-related growth. Either longitudinally or cross-sectionally, the sum of RFs at most accounted for 39% of the variance in mental health. Our findings provide evidence for SOC playing an important role for mental health and suggest to further examine SOC’s incremental validity. Given the differential associations for negative and positive mental health outcomes, resilience research may benefit from using multidimensional outcomes.

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Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Note the Selection Of Resilience Factors Is Based On An Upda...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interrelations of resilience factors and their incremental impact for mental health: Insights from network modeling using a prospective study across seven timepoints

Michael¹,

Fritz²,

Sopp³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, a quantitative research strategy is more suitable for studying brute facts or external reality (Silva, 2008 ). Quantitative studies have made a major contribution to resilience research in healthcare by demonstrating that resilience is positively correlated with social and physical functioning, adaptation to illness and better health outcomes (Kim et al, 2019 ; Musich et al, 2022 ; Schäfer et al, 2022 ; Seiler & Jenewein, 2019 ), but quantitative studies can’t provide a sufficiently deep and comprehensive understanding of how resilience is formed and how the resilience dynamic is influenced by the general context of life.…”

Section: Resilience In Chronic Pain: a Rationale For Qualitative Rese...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding a path in a methodological jungle: a qualitative research of resilience

Zelčāne

Pipere

2023

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Qualitative research provides an in-depth understanding of lived experiences. However, these experiences can be hard to apprehend by using just one method of data analysis. A good example is the experience of resilience. In this paper, the authors describe the chain of the decision-making process in the research of the construct of “resilience”. s The authors justify the implications of a multi-method, pluralistic approach, and show how the triangulation of two or more qualitative methods and integration of several qualitative data analysis methods can improve a deeper understanding of the resilience among people with chronic pain. By combining the thematic analysis, narrative analysis, and critical incident technique, lived experiences can be seen from different perspectives.Therefore, the thematic analysis describes the content and answers to “what” regarding resilience, the narrative analysis describes the dynamics of resilience, and answers to “how”, while the critical incident technique clarifies the most significant experience and the answers to “why” changes happen. This integrative approach could be used in the analysis of other psychological constructs and can serve as an example of how the rigour of qualitative research could be provided.

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The three axioms of resilience

Bonanno,

Westphal

2024

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This article summarizes the growing literature on resilience in the face of aversive and potentially traumatic events (PTEs) in three basic axioms: (a) resilience is a common outcome, 2) there are no “key” traits to resilience (resilience is not a type), and (c) resilient outcomes occur through flexible self‐regulation. The first axiom highlights the limitation of a traditional, binary view of trauma in terms of the presence–absence of posttraumatic stress disorder, emphasizing instead the heterogeneity of trauma outcomes. Four prototypical trajectories are reviewed: chronic symptoms; delayed symptoms; recovery; and the most common trajectory, resilience. The second axiom reviews the paradoxical inability of known correlates of resilience to adequately predict resilient outcomes. Resilience is instead described as a multifaceted phenomenon with no singular set of key traits, as various factors contribute to resilient outcomes in complex ways. The third axiom provides an explanation of how resilience can emerge from this complex array by introducing the concept of flexible self‐regulation. The flexibility mindset is described as providing the motivation for flexible responding. The flexibility sequence is described as explaining the mechanisms underlying flexibility in terms of three serial stages: context sensitivity, strategy repertoire, and feedback adjustment. The final section briefly considers clinical implications.

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Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions

Cited by 51 publications

References 121 publications

Interrelations of resilience factors and their incremental impact for mental health: Insights from network modeling using a prospective study across seven timepoints

Interrelations of resilience factors and their incremental impact for mental health: Insights from network modeling using a prospective study across seven timepoints

Finding a path in a methodological jungle: a qualitative research of resilience

The three axioms of resilience

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