Trait “pessimism” is associated with increased sensitivity to negative feedback in rats

Ryguła, Rafał; Popik, Piotr

doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0410-y

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Six studies that included 17 comparisons use spatial orientation of the cues (Burman et al, 2008(Burman et al, , 2009Richter et al, 2012;Kloke et al, 2014;Bethell and Koyama, 2015;Krakenberg et al, 2019). Ten studies including 55 comparisons use auditory cues (Harding et al, 2004;Enkel et al, 2010;Anderson et al, 2013;Ginsburg and Lamb, 2013;Papciak et al, 2013;Rygula et al, 2013;Rygula and Popik, 2016;Drozd et al, 2017Drozd et al, , 2018Hales et al, 2017). Four studies including six comparisons rely mainly on tactile cues (Brydges et al, 2011(Brydges et al, , 2012Chaby et al, 2013;Novak et al, 2016).…”

Section: Literature Search and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most articles reported main outcomes (95%) (Figure 2) (Harding et al, 2004;Burman et al, 2008Burman et al, , 2009Enkel et al, 2010;Brydges et al, 2011Brydges et al, , 2012Richter et al, 2012;Anderson et al, 2013;Chaby et al, 2013;Ginsburg and Lamb, 2013;Papciak et al, 2013;Rygula et al, 2013;Kloke et al, 2014;Bethell and Koyama, 2015;Novak et al, 2016;Rygula and Popik, 2016;Drozd et al, 2017;Hales et al, 2017;Krakenberg et al, 2019). Rodent characteristics were missing and unclear in 90% of the papers, while sufficient report was presented in 10% of the papers (Anderson et al, 2013;Krakenberg et al, 2019).…”

Section: Risk Of Bias In Prevalent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental task was clear in 90% of the papers, but in two studies reporting was unclear (5%) (Novak et al, 2016;Drozd et al, 2018). 35% of the studies provided reliable outcomes (Richter et al, 2012;Chaby et al, 2013;Ginsburg and Lamb, 2013;Rygula et al, 2013;Kloke et al, 2014;Rygula and Popik, 2016;Krakenberg et al, 2019). Confounders have been described appropriately (85%) and insufficiently (15%) (Harding et al, 2004;Burman et al, 2008Burman et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias In Prevalent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Bias Under Adverse and Rewarding Conditions: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies

Nguyen

Guo

Homberg

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Background: Cognitive bias refers to emotional influences on cognition and provides a cognitive measure of negativity-or positivity-bias through assessment of the behavioral responses to ambiguous stimuli. Thus, under negative conditions an animal is more likely to judge ambiguous stimuli as negative, and under positive conditions as positive. The transfer of past experiences to novel but similar situations is highly adaptive, as it allows the animal to anticipate on the most likely outcome of the ambiguous cues. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to summarize the current state of evidence on cognitive bias in rodents under adverse and rewarding or supportive conditions. Results: In total 20 studies were identified, in which auditory, spatial, tactile, or visual tasks were used. Stressed rodents generally made fewer positive responses than their non-stressed conspecifics. Housing enrichment made rodents more positive in anticipation of ambiguous cues. Ethanol seeking rats generalized the ambiguous cues to sucrose and less to ethanol if sucrose was available. Amphetamine, fluoxetine, and ketamine shifted the bias toward positivity, while reboxetine elevated negative bias. Conclusion: The auditory tasks have been most extensively validated, followed by the tactile and spatial tasks, and finally the visual tasks. The tactile and spatial tasks use latency as readout, which is sensitive to confounding factors. It is yet uncertain whether spatial tasks measure cognitive bias. Across all tasks, with some exceptions, rodents exposed to stress show less positivity-bias when exposed to ambiguous cues, whereas rodents exposed to rewarding substances or treated with antidepressant drugs are biased toward reward. Considering the methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias, the present data should be interpreted with caution.

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Section: Literature Search and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Bias In Prevalent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Bias In Prevalent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cognitive Bias Under Adverse and Rewarding Conditions: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies

Nguyen

Guo

Homberg

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…This elicits feedback emotions, which in turn may influence future behavioural reactions (Mendl, Burman, & Paul, 2010;Rutledge, Skandali, Dayan, & Dolan, 2014). In that sense, previous success may lead to increased audacity and vice versa (Rygula & Popik, 2016). It is conceivable that many or all of these intrinsic processes exert their effect based on mood changes (Mendl et al, 2010), that is, changes in the long-term affective state of a subject.…”

Section: Modulators Of Valuating Prioritising Choice Decision-makmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

Gygax

2017

Ethology

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Animals choose a course of action countless times each day. To do so, they need to prioritise their behaviour within a set of alternative actions and decide which of these actions to perform at any one time and for how long, that is, determine when the behaviour has reached its desired effect. This process has classically been called the proximate behavioural control mechanism. Several aspects contribute to this process: internal and external stimuli, the emotions that they elicit, motivation (wants), behavioural goals, valuation, decision‐making and its modulation by mood, and the assessment of behavioural outcomes (liking). I will address all these aspects in the form of an integrated conceptual model. In the process of behavioural control, options need to be valued, and I will refer to evidence showing that an affective hedonic process in respect to (future) reward and punishment heavily affects this value. Moreover, I view motivation, the force that finally drives a specific behavioural output, as being primarily influenced by affective states or even corresponding fully to them. Given the feedback in behavioural control by (dis‐)liking outcomes of behaviour, I reason that in respect to welfare it is more important for animals to reach proximate goals than to avoid negative stimuli. All behavioural choices are modulated, and I show how mood, a long‐term affective state, can cause such modulation. Proximate control of behaviour takes place in the brain, and I will briefly discuss how current and future brain research may elucidate how the brain computes these processes. Furthermore, the inclusion of affective states in the conceptual model raises the question of the subjective experience of animals, and I will address some of the important open questions in this area of research. I will conclude that neural studies cannot currently provide a detailed and general theory on the algorithms of proximate behavioural control. In parallel to further developing these approaches, I propose to strengthen a refined ethological approach with a focus on the states of “wanting” and “liking” in ecologically meaningful circumstances and with a strong ontogenetic (within species) and comparative (between species) component. I consider this ethological approach to be a highly promising step in understanding proximate behavioural control.

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“…This relatively stable and potential cognitive structure acts as a filter, allowing people to selectively notice and memorize stimuli consistent with their schema, while inconsistent information is unconsciously ignored. Bower (1981) further conceptualized the moodcongruent effect as "the enhanced effect of materials which is congruent with ongoing mood on the process of encoding and/or retrieval, " which was subsequently confirmed by a number of experimental studies (Bower, 1981;Natoli et al, 2016;Rygula and Popik, 2016). From this perspective, stimuli with a negative valence that match the persistent and low mood states of MDD patients may increase their reactivity regarding their depression level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insensitivity to Success and Failure: An Experimental Study of Performance-Based Feedback in Depression

et al. 2020

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Objective: This experimental study set out to examine the effects of performance feedback (success or failure) on depressed emotions and self-serving attribution bias in inpatients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods:The study was based on a 2 × 2 experimental design in which 71 MDD patients and 59 healthy controls participated. Both groups (MDD and controls) were randomly assigned to two conditions: success or failure in the performance feedback. A section of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was used as a bogus test of the participants' reasoning abilities, and the Core Depressive Factor of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to measure changes in depressed emotion in the subjects following the performance feedback. Participants then rated the accuracy of the SPM as a measure of their reasoning capacity.Results: The levels of depressed emotions in patients with MDD did not differ significantly under the two feedback conditions. In contrast, depressed emotion levels increased significantly in healthy individuals in response to failure feedback but did not change in response to success feedback. With regard to the ratings of SPM accuracy, there was no significant difference across the two feedback conditions for depressed patients; however, the accuracy ratings were higher in the success condition than in the failure condition for the controls.Conclusion: Individuals with MDD exhibit blunted emotional reactivity when experiencing new positive or negative social stimuli, supporting the theory of Emotion Context Insensitivity. In addition, self-serving attribution bias does not occur in MDD, which is consistent with the theory of learned helplessness in depression.

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Trait “pessimism” is associated with increased sensitivity to negative feedback in rats

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Cognitive Bias Under Adverse and Rewarding Conditions: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies

Cognitive Bias Under Adverse and Rewarding Conditions: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

Insensitivity to Success and Failure: An Experimental Study of Performance-Based Feedback in Depression

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