Trait Emotion, Emotional Regulation, and Parenting Styles

Abstract

The present study investigated relations among parenting styles and emotion regulation, trait emotion, and general well-being among 153 emerging adults. Two path models were tested, finding that parenting styles contributed to multiple pathways to emotional regulation. As expected, not only did participants who reported high levels of authoritative parenting endorse high levels of positive emotion, they also reported lower levels of emotional control and emotional self-awareness. These low levels were, in turn, associated with emotional well-being. Permissive parenting positively predicted negative emotion. Because authoritarian parenting did not directly predict trait emotion, a closer examination was conducted, showing that outcomes associated with this parenting style depended upon self-reported emotional control and trait emotion. The findings suggest that the effects of authoritarian parenting depend upon the emotional climate established in the family, a factor that may help to explain variability in outcomes for children of authoritarian parents depending upon socioeconomic status and ethnicity.

Adolescent Emotion Regulation Who were Raised with Authoritarian Parenting Style

“…Research conducted in Australia-Indonesia showed that children with authoritarian parenting style have low emotion regulation and higher behavioral problems [20]. Children with authoritarian parenting are predicted to be poor at regulating emotions which leads to less positive emotions, higher negative emotions, and behavioral problems [21]. However, another study conducted in Pakistan stated that authoritarian parenting is not significantly correlated with emotion regulation [22].…”

Reciprocal risk: The longitudinal relationship between emotion regulation and non-suicidal self-injury

“…Gender differences in the ERICA have been largely unexplored, although Bunford and colleagues (2014) report a trend that girls may score higher than boys on the Self-Awareness subscale (although see Bunford, Evans, & Wymbs, 2015). Across a range of child and adolescent samples, the ERICA has been shown to demonstrate reasonable internal consistency (α's range from .81 to .75), construct validity, and test-retest reliability (Bunford et al, 2014;Herzog, Hill-Chapman, Hardy, Wrighten, & El-Khabbaz, 2015;MacDermott et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2016). Specifically in regards to emotion regulation strategies, the ERICA shows moderate positive correlations with self-reported cognitive reappraisal and small to moderate negative correlations with self-reported emotional suppression (Hughes, Gullone, & Watson, 2011).…”