Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning

Zika, Ondrej; Wiech, Katja; Reinecke, Andrea; Browning, Michael

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39825-3

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Within this task, slower learning rates might thus support a type of persistent uncertainty about the best course of action, with suboptimal effects on decision-making. Interpreting this result in light of previous findings is subtle, however, as faster learning rates are theoretically linked to greater uncertainty, and prior work has linked anxiety to both faster learning ( 6) and a greater tendency to infer changes in context (8). On the other hand, the type of uncertainty in these studies pertains to volatility, or how frequently environmental contingencies are expected to change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Both depression and anxiety have also been associated with elevated learning from punishment in particular (7). More recently, trait anxiety has been linked to a greater tendency to infer changes in the underlying causes of aversive outcomes during extinction learning -which may facilitate return of fear and reduce the long-term efficacy of behavioral therapies (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directed exploration is elevated in affective disorders but reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction

Li,

Lavalley,

Chou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Elevated anxiety and uncertainty avoidance are known to exacerbate maladaptive choice in individuals with affective disorders. However, the differential roles of state vs. trait anxiety remain unclear, and underlying computational mechanisms have not been thoroughly characterized. In the present study, we investigated how a somatic (interoceptive) state anxiety induction influences learning and decision-making under uncertainty in individuals with clinically significant levels of trait anxiety. A sample of 58 healthy comparisons (HCs) and 61 individuals with affective disorders (iADs; i.e., depression and/or anxiety) completed a previously validated explore-exploit decision task, with and without an added breathing resistance manipulation designed to induce state anxiety. Computational modeling revealed a pattern in which iADs showed greater information-seeking (i.e., directed exploration; Cohen’sd=.39,p=.039) in resting conditions, but that this was reduced by the anxiety induction. The affective disorders group also showed slower learning rates across conditions (Cohen’sd=.52,p=.003), suggesting more persistent uncertainty. These findings highlight a complex interplay between trait anxiety and state anxiety. Specifically, while elevated trait anxiety is associated with persistent uncertainty, acute somatic anxiety can paradoxically curtail exploratory behaviors, potentially reinforcing maladaptive decision-making patterns in affective disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed exploration is elevated in affective disorders but reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction

Li,

Lavalley,

Chou

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, we extend previous work by focusing on mechanisms of Pavlovian learning from primary reinforcers. We consider a number of plausible aspects of learning, such as differential learning from shocks and shock omissions (33), context-dependent updating (34), uncertainty-driven learning (35) and biases in probability perception (36).…”

Section: Main Text Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of aversive learning rates in Pavlovian conditioning by angiotensin II antagonist losartan: a randomised controlled trial

Zika¹,

Appel²,

Klinge³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The angiotensin receptor blocker losartan has been linked to aspects of aversive learning such as fear acquisition and extinction, inhibition of aversive learning rates and reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Here, we investigate the influence of losartan on aversive Pavlovian conditioning using a probabilistic learning paradigm. In a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled design, we tested 45 healthy volunteers during a baseline session (session 1), after application of losartan or placebo (session 2) and during a follow-up session (session 3). On each session, participants engaged in a task where they had to predict the likelihood of an electrical stimulation on every trial while the true shock contingencies repeatedly switched between phases of high and low shock threat. Computational reinforcement learning models were used to investigate learning dynamics. Acute administration of losartan significantly reduced participants’ adjustment during both low-to-high and high-to-low threat changes. This was driven by reduced aversive learning rates on the drug session compared to baseline. The 50mg drug dose did not induce reduction of blood pressure or change in reaction times, ruling out general reduction in attention and engagement. Decreased adjustment of aversive expectations to low-to-high, but not high-to-low, threat change was maintained on a follow up session 24hrs later, suggesting a possible role of losartan in prevention of formation of aversive associations on longer time scales.

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A Bifunctional Electrolyte Additive Features Preferential Coordination with Iodine toward Ultralong‐Life Zinc–Iodine Batteries

Wang,

Liang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Aqueous zinc–iodine (Zn‐I2) battery is one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to its cost‐effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and recyclability. Its practical application is hindered by challenges including polyiodide “shuttle effect” in the cathode and anode corrosion. In this study, a zinc pyrrolidone carboxylate bifunctional additive is introduced to simultaneously tackle the issues of the polyiodide and Zn anode. It is revealed that the pyrrolidone carboxylate anions decrease the polyiodide concentration by preferential coordination between the pyrrolidone carboxylate anions and I2 based on the Lewis acid‐base effect, suppressing the shuttle effect and therefore improving the conversion kinetics for the iodine redox process. Meanwhile, the pyrrolidone carboxylate anions adsorbed on the Zn anode inhibit Zn corrosion and promote non‐dendritic Zn plating, contributing to impressive Coulombic efficiency and long‐term cycling stability. As a result, the Zn‐I2 full battery with the bifunctional zinc pyrrolidone carboxylate additive realizes a high specific capacity of 211 mAh g−1 (≈100% iodine utilization rate), and an ultralong cycling life of >30 000 cycles with 87% capacity retention. These findings highlight the significant potential of zinc pyrrolidone carboxylate as a transformative additive for aqueous Zn‐I2 batteries, marking a critical advancement in the field of energy storage technologies.

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Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

Directed exploration is elevated in affective disorders but reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction

Directed exploration is elevated in affective disorders but reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction

Reduction of aversive learning rates in Pavlovian conditioning by angiotensin II antagonist losartan: a randomised controlled trial

A Bifunctional Electrolyte Additive Features Preferential Coordination with Iodine toward Ultralong‐Life Zinc–Iodine Batteries

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