Trait anxiety, initial structuring and self-disclosure in groups of schizophrenic patients.

Anchor, Kenneth N.; Vojtisek, John E.; Patterson, Roger L.

doi:10.1037/h0087562

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the original review, 8 at the review panel's request, two studies were removed from the review because they were deemed as not significant to the direction of the review 25,26 . The update review has maintained the direction and intention of the initial review by not including an analysis of these papers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of individual therapy and group therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia

2004

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Executive summary Background There is no simple, single treatment for schizophrenia and present approaches are based on clinical research and experience. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for schizophrenia; however, unwanted side‐effects are often problematic, and medications do not provide important coping skills. These skills are provided through forms of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy has been examined from a range of perspectives, including the effectiveness of group and individual treatments on behaviours and symptoms of schizophrenia. This review reports on the effectiveness of forms of group and individual therapy. Objectives The objective of this review was to present the best available information on the use of group therapy and individual therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. This review summarises the findings of all relevant studies relating to these interventions. This review attempted to answer the question: which is more effective in improving symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, group or individual therapy? Inclusion criteria The review included adult patients with schizophrenia. Interventions of interest were forms of group and individual therapy aimed at lessening the symptoms of schizophrenia. For the purposes of this review, individual therapy was regarded as a one‐to‐one interaction between a patient and a therapist, and group therapy excluded family therapy. Studies that examined symptom reduction, including measures of mental state, quality of life and social function, were included in this review. This review attempted to determine the efficacy of group and individual therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, randomised or pseudo‐randomised controlled trials that address the use or comparison of these treatment modalities were included. High‐quality systematic reviews of evidence of effectiveness were also included. Results Based on the search terms used, 28 references relating to the use of some form of group or individual therapy, in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia, were identified. Of these, nine were excluded for not meeting the stated inclusion criteria and 19 were included in the analysis (17 trials and two systematic reviews). From these studies numerous treatment types were compared for the management of chronic schizophrenia. Meta‐analysis was not possible given the level of heterogeneity in trial methods and measurement scales. Recommendations The following recommendations are made: Individual cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) can be effective in improving overall mental state and global functioning (level I). Relapse and readmission rates are not improved by the use of ICBT (level I). ICBT using a psychodynamic or psychotherapy approach is recommended for outpatient care (level I). ICBT can be recommended to promote a 25% improvement in insight (number needed to treat = 10) (level II). Group psychotherapy is not effective at improving global functioning when given for short periods of time (level II). Interactive behavioural trainin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of individual therapy and group therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia

2004

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“…Joint consideration of client and treatment variables is especially rare in the group psychotherapy literature. Anchor, Vojtisek, and Patterson (1973) reported a tendency for a pretherapy "encouragement to self-disclose" manipulation to be more successful among higher, than among lower, trait-anxious male psychiatric inpatients in leaderless therapy-1 This research was supported, in part, by a grant from the Vanderbilt University Research Council. The contributions of Charles James, Susan Lewis, Jacklyn Freeman, and Lynn Cocke are gratefully acknowledged.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effectiveness of directive and nondirective group therapies as a function of client internal-external control.

Abramowitz¹,

Abramowitz²,

Roback³

et al. 1974

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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This study tested the predictive utility of a Client X Modality interactive model for group psychotherapy outcome. Twenty-six mildly distressed college student clients were assigned randomly to a nondirective or to one of three directive groups, all led by the same therapist. Belief in personal internal-external control was the individual-difference predictor, and a multivariable personality battery provided the indexes of psychosocial adjustment. As hypothesized, more internally oriented persons were more therapeutically responsive ito the nondirective than to the directive approach, whereas the reverse tended to be the case among those more externally oriented.* The second author. 5 The nondireotive mode was intended to be leadership sharing and group facilitative but not necessarily Rogerian. That comparable levels of the client-centered conditions (Relationship Inventory; Barrett-Lennard, 1969) were perceived by members of the nondirective and directive groups supports this point.

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“…However, finding an association of excessive self-disclosure with psychopathology is not unprecedented (Anchor, Vojtisek, & Patterson, 1973;Mayo, 1968;Persons & Marks, 1970;Stanley & Bownes, 1966), nor is it inconsistent with the hypothesis that clients' use of D(D) is therapeutic. The relationship of client Disclosures to psychopathology might be construed as analogous to the relationship of fever or white blood cell count to infection in some physical illnesses.…”

Section: Vrm Research Findings Vrm Research On Psychotherapeutic Processmentioning

confidence: 89%

Verbal Response Modes as Intersubjective Categories

Stiles

1987

Language in Psychotherapy

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INTRODUCTIONThe three-channel hypothesis (Russell & Stiles, 1979) distinguishes three classes of verbal process-coding categories and proposes that each class taps a different channel of interpersonal communication in psychotherapy. Content categories, such as body parts or separation anxiety, concern denotative or connotative meaning of discourse units. The content channel carries information about the speaker's current concerns, attitudes, and personality dynamics. Extralinguistic categories, such as laughter or hesitation, concern speaking behaviors that accompany or modify language, but are themselves neither semantic nor syntactic. The extralinguistic channel carries information about the speaker's current (and usually transitory) emotional state-a momentary state of anger, for example, in contrast to an enduring attitude of hostility toward someone. Intersubjective categories, such as question or blame, concern brief relationships of the speaker to the intended recipient; that is, unlike content or extralinguistic categories, intersubjective categories imply the existence of another person (e.g., one questions another person; one blames another person). The intersubjective channel carries information about interpersonal relationships and social roles, and, in psychotherapeutic communication, about the therapist's technique.The three-channel hypothesis does not require that any type of information be carried exclusively in one channel (nor are these three an exhaustive listing of possible channels). For example, information about

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Trait anxiety, initial structuring and self-disclosure in groups of schizophrenic patients.

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Effectiveness of individual therapy and group therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia

Effectiveness of individual therapy and group therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia

Differential effectiveness of directive and nondirective group therapies as a function of client internal-external control.

Verbal Response Modes as Intersubjective Categories

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