Training Battlefield critical thinking and initiative

Improved Modeling of Drop Vaporization and Combustion in Diesel Sprays

“…Recent research and empirical studies indicate the recognitional / metacognitive model has the most utility in uncertain and complex situations. 40 The model integrates pattern recognition processes with other metacognitive processes necessary for coping with uncertainty, a central feature of operational level decision-making. Based on the operational decision making environment and the recognitional / metacognitive decision-making model the next chapter will examine the skills that operational commanders require to effectively visualize operations.…”

Critical Thinking Training for Army Officers: Volume Two: A Model of Critical Thinking

“…Assessment of the logical and empirical adequacy of a nonfictional statement Baker & Anderson, 1987 Judgment Logic and Reasoning Involves three elements: (1) an attitude of being disposed to consider thoughtfully, (2) knowledge of logical and reasoning methods, and (3) skill in applying reasoning methods Glaser, 1941 Logic and Reasoning Questioning/Reflective State of Mind A style of open-minded reasoning that should be generalizable across content domains Sa, West, & Stanovich, 1999 Logic and Reasoning Questioning/Reflective State of Mind Active, purposeful, and organized efforts to make sense of our world by carefully examining our thinking and the thinking of others in order to clarify and improve our understanding Gadzella & Masten, 1998a Meta-cognitive Purposeful Questioning/Reflective State of Mind A cluster of elaborative mental activities involving nuanced judgment and analysis of complex situations according to multiple criteria Resnick, 1987 Judgment Mental Process Use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome. Describes thinking that is purposeful, reasoned, and goaldirected Halpern, 1997 Logic and Reasoning Purposeful Sound reasoning, judgment that entails analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and imagination Dymek, 1999 Logic and Reasoning Judgment The application of recognition/meta-cognitive processing, particularly different mental models to solve a given tactical problem or make a tactical decision Cohen, Thompson, Adelman, Bresnick & Riedel, 1999 Meta-cognitive Control Mental Process…”

“…In contrast, logic and reasoning seem to be more central to definitions offered by philosophy (e.g., APA, 1990;Beyer, 1995;Siegel, 1988;Ennis, 1987). The idea that CT is a mental process appears more frequently in psychological sources (e.g., Halpern, 1996Halpern, , 1997Resnick, 1987, Cohen, et al, 1999. As shown in Table 1, however, these trends exist amidst a large degree of overlap within and among fields.…”

“…In particular, Quellmalz (1987) has provided a mapping between CT and problem solving elements, noting their similarities. However, many others see CT as a cognitive activity that merely provides input to other cognitive tasks (Beyer, 1995;Cohen, et al, 1996;Cohen, et al, 1999;D'Angelo, 1971;Halpen, 1992;Lauer, 1998;Swartz, 1998). For example, Lauer (1998) agrees with Gubbins (1986) that CT is a process serving many other cognitive tasks such as problem solving, decision-making, inference making, thinking divergently, evaluating information and sources, and reasoning.…”

Assessing Competencies and Proficiency of Army Intelligence Analysts Across the Career Life Cycle

“…For example, there are abundant studies of training's effects on acquisition of CT skills. Marvin Cohen and his colleagues have developed CT-skill training for military environments and have shown improvement in students' performance on decisionmaking tasks (Cohen et al, 2000). A meta-analysis (see Abrami et al, 2008) showed that CT training has a positive effect on CT skills but that the nature of the training also matters: 1 Explicit instruction on CT skills is associated with larger instructional effects, whereas immersing students in content that requires CT-but without explicit instruction on CT-has a small effect.…”