Trails and Physical Activity: A Review

Abstract

There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating important factors that should be considered in promoting trail use, yet the evidence for positive effects of trails on physical activity is limited. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of trails on physical activity. In addition, trail studies that include children and youth, older adults, and racial and ethnic minorities are a research priority.

Walking Trail Use among a Sample of Black, White, Hispanic, and Asian Adult Walkers

“…This finding is not consistent with the majority of published studies that have indicated that physical activity declines with age. 8,30,31 In a national crosssectional study, Librett et al found that weekly and monthly trail use declined with age, with those ages 18-44 being 1.9-2.9 times more likely than adults ≥ 65 years to use trails at least once per month. 30 In the current study, we found that trail use may increase with age; however, our age categories are cruder, with those 40 to 64 years grouped with those 65 years and older.…”

“…8,26,27 Krizek et al found that living within walking distance of a trail increased use of the trail. 28 Other factors that were correlated with trail use include drinking water facilities and benches.…”

“…They are often conveniently located in neighborhoods and are a free and accessible physical activity resource in many communities. 4,8 Thus, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends the creation or enhancement of trails as an effective approach to increasing physical activity in communities 9 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strongly recommends walking as a physical activity that everyone can do with minimal injury risk.…”

Bicycle boulevards and changes in physical activity and active transportation: Findings from a natural experiment

“…A review of 52 studies of trails published between 1980 and 2008 only found one that included pre/post data with a comparison group (Starnes et al, 2011). That study (Brownson et al, 2004) examined the promotion of trails, not new trail construction, and did not find a significant change in overall walking activity.…”

Key Enablers to Facilitate Healthy Behavior Change: Workshop Summary

“…36 Some researchers report mixed evidence for associations between the environment and physical activity. 72,116 Built community characteristics may have less of an impact on moderate or vigorous physical activity.…”