Trafficking of Proteins through Plastid Stromules

Hanson, Maureen R.; Sattarzadeh, Amirali

doi:10.1105/tpc.113.112870

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Chloroplast stromules, which are thin projections of stroma-filled tubules emerging from the surface of chloroplasts, have been reported to be associated with abiotic and biotic stresses (Gray et al, 2012;Krenz et al, 2012;Caplan et al, 2015). Although the biological significance of stromules remains unclear, accumulating evidence indicated that the stromules function in trafficking proteins (Krenz et al, 2012;Hanson and Sattarzadeh, 2013;Caplan et al, 2015). Stromules have been found to be induced by effector-triggered immunity, and chloroplastlocalized N receptor-interacting protein1 (NRIP1) was transported from chloroplasts into the nucleus during this process through stromules (Caplan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

et al. 2017

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RNA silencing plays a critical role against viral infection. To counteract this antiviral silencing, viruses have evolved various RNA silencing suppressors. Meanwhile, plants have evolved counter-counter defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS). In this study, the violaxanthin deepoxidase protein of maize (Zea mays), ZmVDE, was shown to interact specifically with the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro; a viral RNA silencing suppressor) of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) via its mature protein region by yeast two-hybrid assay, which was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. It was demonstrated that amino acids 101 to 460 in HC-Pro and the amino acid glutamine-292 in ZmVDE mature protein were essential for this interaction. The mRNA levels of ZmVDE were down-regulated 75% to 65% at an early stage of SCMV infection. Interestingly, ZmVDE, which normally localized in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm, could relocalize to HC-Pro-containing aggregate bodies in the presence of HC-Pro alone or SCMV infection. In addition, ZmVDE could attenuate the RSS activity of HC-Pro in a specific protein interaction-dependent manner. Subsequently, transient silencing of the ZmVDE gene facilitated SCMV RNA and coat protein accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that ZmVDE interacts with SCMV HC-Pro and attenuates its RSS activity, contributing to decreased SCMV accumulation. This study demonstrates that a host factor can be involved in secondary defense responses against viral infection in monocot plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

et al. 2017

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“…The extensions were termed ‘stromules’ and defined as stroma‐filled tubular extensions that appear to be less than 0.8 μ m in diameter (Köhler & Hanson 2000). The function of stromules is still under discussion, especially regarding the exchange of metabolites and proteins (Hanson & Sattarzadeh 2011, 2013; Schattat et al . 2012, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast protrusions in leaves of Ranunculus glacialis L. respond significantly to different ambient conditions, but are not related to temperature stress

Moser

Holzinger

Buchner

2015

Plant Cell & Environment

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The occurrence of chloroplast protrusions (CPs) in leaves of R anunculus glacialis L. in response to different environmental conditions was assessed. CPs occur highly dynamically. They do not contain thylakoids and their physiological function is still largely unknown. Controlled in situ sampling showed that CP formation follows a pronounced diurnal rhythm. Between 2 and 27 °C the relative proportion of chloroplasts with CPs (rCP) showed a significant positive correlation to leaf temperature (TL; 0.793, P < 0.01), while irradiation intensity had a minor effect on rCP. In situ shading and controlled laboratory experiments confirmed the significant influence of TL. Under moderate irradiation intensity, an increase of TL up to 25 °C significantly promoted CP formation, while a further increase to 37 °C led to a decrease. Furthermore, rCP values were lower in darkness and under high irradiation intensity. Gas treatment at 2000 ppm /2% led to a significant decrease of rCP, suggesting a possible involvement of photorespiration in CP formation. Our findings demonstrate that in R . glacialis, CPs are neither a rare phenomenon nor a result of heat or light stress; on the contrary, they seem to be most abundant under moderate temperature and non‐stress irradiation conditions.

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“…SFs were similar to those previously reported for Arabidopsis (Holzinger et al, 2008;Newell et al, 2012). Because hypocotyl epidermal cells were used to study stromules in numerous previous publications (Hanson and Sattarzadeh, 2013;Kwok and Hanson, 2004;Holzinger, Kwok et al, 2008;Newell et al, 2012), we selected these cells to evaluate the effect of different treatments involving low phosphate, sugars, or strigolactones.…”

Section: Different Stromule Frequency In Different Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Low-Phosphate Induction of Plastidal Stromules Is Dependent on Strigolactones But Not on the Canonical Strigolactone Signaling Component MAX2

et al. 2016

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Stromules are highly dynamic protrusions of the plastids in plants. Several factors, such as drought and light conditions, influence the stromule frequency (SF) in a positive or negative way. A relatively recently discovered class of plant hormones are the strigolactones; strigolactones inhibit branching of the shoots and promote beneficial interactions between roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we investigate the link between the formation of stromules and strigolactones. This research shows a strong link between strigolactones and the formation of stromules: SF correlates with strigolactone levels in the wild type and strigolactone mutants (max2-1 max3-9), and SF is stimulated by strigolactone GR24 and reduced by strigolactone inhibitor D2.

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Trafficking of Proteins through Plastid Stromules

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

Chloroplast protrusions in leaves of Ranunculus glacialis L. respond significantly to different ambient conditions, but are not related to temperature stress

Low-Phosphate Induction of Plastidal Stromules Is Dependent on Strigolactones But Not on the Canonical Strigolactone Signaling Component MAX2

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