Traffic Stops, Race, and Measurement

McLean, Kyle; Rojek, Jeff

doi:10.1002/9781118868799.ch20

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…A longstanding problem with this research, however, is the limited information about the effects of legal and other extra-legal factors on traffic stop outcomes (Batton and Kadleck, 2004;Engel et al, 2002). First, researchers have pointed out that the limited information in the traffic stop data collection efforts prevents agencies from exploring other factors that may directly or indirectly influence police decision-making in traffic stops (McLean and Rojek, 2016). Second, research has largely focused on traffic stop patterns in large urban areas (Chanin et al, 2018;Ridgeway, 2009).…”

Section: Research On Racial Profiling and Traffic Stopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2002). First, researchers have pointed out that the limited information in the traffic stop data collection efforts prevents agencies from exploring other factors that may directly or indirectly influence police decision-making in traffic stops (McLean and Rojek, 2016). Second, research has largely focused on traffic stop patterns in large urban areas (Chanin et al.…”

Section: Research On Racial Profiling and Traffic Stopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race, local context, and traffic stops: an examination of racial profiling in traffic stops in rural and non-rural places

Iwama

2024

PIJPSM

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PurposeThe current study examines the effects of race, agency and environment on traffic stops in rural and non-rural spaces.Design/methodology/approachUsing traffic stop data collected in a Midwest US County from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, the current study uses logistic regression to examine racial disparities in traffic stops.FindingsThe results indicate that police decision-making in traffic stops may be influenced by other factors besides a driver’s race or ethnicity. In other words, the police officer’s decision making in a traffic stop varies between small and large agencies as well as rural and non-rural places.Originality/valueThis study provides one of the few examinations of racial disparities in traffic stops in rural places.

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Section: Research On Racial Profiling and Traffic Stopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On Racial Profiling and Traffic Stopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, local context, and traffic stops: an examination of racial profiling in traffic stops in rural and non-rural places

Iwama

2024

PIJPSM

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“…In each case, they found evidence that some officers stopped minorities at significantly higher rates than other similarly-situated officers. While internal benchmarking offers valuable insights to police departments for their own management purposes or as part of litigation involving particular officers, it does not answer whether or not racially disparate police practices are evident in the aggregate across an agency and therefore, it can mask widespread bias that exists within larger organizational contexts (McLean and Rojek 2016; Ridgeway and MacDonald 2010; Tillyer, Engel, and Cherkauskas 2010).…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians: Toward a New Generation of Benchmarks

Smith

Tillyer

Smith

et al. 2021

Urban Affairs Review

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This paper extends the stop and frisk literature from New York City by examining pedestrian stops made by San Jose, California, police officers from January 2013 through March 2016 with a particular focus on benchmarking. Using violent crime suspects and nuisance-related calls for service (CFS) as comparators, we consider whether San Jose Police Department (SJPD) officers disproportionately stopped individuals from the city’s dominant racial and ethnic groups citywide and in certain police beats with high levels of nuisance calls. Using violent crime suspects citywide as a benchmark, Whites were significantly overrepresented among those stopped by the police while Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks were underrepresented. The CFS findings at the beat level were consistent with the citywide findings for Blacks but reversed direction for Hispanics and varied for Asians depending upon beat and call type. We discuss possible reasons for this divergence across benchmarks and racial/ethnic groups and consider the implications for future research.

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Scofflaw bicycling: Illegal but rational

Marshall

Piatkowski

Johnson

2017

JTLU

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Abstract:Nearly everyone has jaywalked, rolled through a stop sign, or driven a few miles per hour over the speed limit, but most such offenses face no legal consequences. Society also tends to see these relatively minor infractions that almost all people make-though they are unmistakably illegal-as normal and even rational. Bicyclists who break the law, however, seem to attract a higher level of scorn and scrutiny. While the academic literature has exhaustively covered unlawful driving behaviors, there remains little research on bicyclists who break the rules of the road. This paper examines rule-breaking bicyclists and the factors associated with such behaviors. We also explore the question: are bicyclists making rational, albeit illegal, choices-similar to most drivers and pedestrians-or are bicyclists reckless and dangerous? Because it's proven effective for reaching hard-to-reach populations, we employed a snowball-sampling framework and an online, scenario-based survey completed by nearly 18,000 respondents. Via multi-level statistical analyses, our results suggest that younger people and males tend to exhibit higher levels of illegal bicycling behavior, but even when combining high-risk factors, the overwhelming majority of bicyclists are not reckless. Controlling for the context and social norms of the city where one lives tends to outweigh individual bicyclist characteristics such as race/ethnicity and income. Unlawful drivers and pedestrians tend to rationalize their behaviors as time saving; bicyclists similarly rationalize their illegal behaviors but were more inclined to cite increasing their own personal safety and/or saving energy. Most bicyclists can generally be described as rational individuals trying to function safely and efficiently given the context and norms of where they live and the transportation system put in front of them.

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Traffic Stops, Race, and Measurement

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Race, local context, and traffic stops: an examination of racial profiling in traffic stops in rural and non-rural places

Race, local context, and traffic stops: an examination of racial profiling in traffic stops in rural and non-rural places

Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians: Toward a New Generation of Benchmarks

Scofflaw bicycling: Illegal but rational

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