Traffic-driven ions motion optimization-based clustering routing protocol for cognitive radio sensor networks

Abstract

In cognitive radio sensor networks, single clustering protocol cannot simultaneously satisfy the various requirements of time-triggered and event-driven traffic, as a result, different kinds of clustering protocols are designed to serve them separately. In addition, for event-driven traffic, the long delay incurred by clustering and searching for available routes after events results in poor timeliness of information transmission. In order to solve above problems, a traffic-driven ions motion optimization-based clustering routing protocol (TD-IMOCRP) is proposed in this paper. For the first time, time-triggered and event-driven traffic can be served by a single clustering protocol. To be specific, ions motion optimization algorithm is leveraged to automatically determine the optimal number of clusters and form basic clustering structure. In this case, time-triggered traffic can be periodically served. Priority-based schedule and corresponding frame structure are designed to ensure priority delivery of event-driven information. The clustering architecture built for time-triggered traffic is leveraged, and there is no cluster construction and route selection after emergent events. Only the CRSNs nodes which discover emergent events and corresponding CHs participate in data transmission, which means that TD-IMOCRP covers fewer nodes, especially when the sink is located at the corner. Therefore, it can help reduce node energy consumption and delay. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with representative event-driven clustering protocols, TD-IMOCRP can decrease the average number of covered nodes and the total energy consumption by more than 66.3% and 25%, respectively. In addition, when serving time-triggered traffic, TD-IMOCRP can achieve almost the same performance as its basic version IMOCRP which is better than majority of current time-triggered clustering protocols. In a word, TD-IMOCRP can guarantee in-time delivery of event-driven information while guaranteeing its performance of serving time-triggered traffic.

Multi-hop clustering routing protocol design based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technology and imperfect spectrum sensing for EH-CRSNs

“…Additionally, as a time-triggered clustering routing protocol for CRSNs, ES-ISSMCRP protocol is not capable of simultaneously satisfying the distinguished requirements of event-driven traffic. To avoid the necessity for each CRSNs node to run multiple clustering protocols to serve different types of traffic, based on our previous work 43 , we plan to evolve ES-ISSMCRP protocol into a traffic-driven clustering routing protocol, capable of supporting both time-triggered and event-driven traffic.…”

An imperfect spectrum sensing-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol for cognitive radio sensor networks

“…Single-hop clustering routing protocols for CRSNs are further divided into centralized and distributed clustering protocols. Centralized clustering protocols such as CogLEACH-C 7 , Fuzzy C-means 8 , IMOCRP 9 and TD-IMOCRP 10 require all CRSNs nodes to transmit their residual energy, available channels and other information to the sink. The sink will substitute for normal nodes to select CHs, construct clusters and broadcast the clustering results to the whole network.…”