An imperfect spectrum sensing-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol for cognitive radio sensor networks

Abstract

Multi-hop clustering routing protocols are potential solutions to achieve effective and energy-efficient data delivery in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). Current clustering routing protocols for CRSNs generally assume perfect spectrum sensing, i.e., false alarm and missed detection are ignored, which may result in collisions with primary users and transmission failure or constrained spectrum usage. To alleviate the impact of imperfect spectrum sensing on network performance, an imperfect spectrum sensing-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol (ISSMCRP) is proposed for CRSNs in this paper. Cluster head (CH) and relay selection criteria are defined based on detection level function of available channels to help select CHs and relays with high spectrum sensing capability. Idle detection accuracy-based intra-cluster and inter-cluster channel selection criterion is proposed to promote successful intra-cluster and inter-cluster data delivery. In addition, control overhead introduced by CHs selection and cluster formation is strictly controlled, and reasonable cluster radii are set to manage the range of control information exchange, so as to reduce the energy consumption caused by control overhead. Simulation results show that compared with the existing clustering routing protocols for CRSNs, ISSMCRP gains obvious advantages in expanding the network lifespan and enhancing the network surveillance capability.

Multi-hop clustering routing protocol design based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technology and imperfect spectrum sensing for EH-CRSNs

“…Building upon LEAUCH protocol, ESAUC 25 redefines cluster radius calculation by incorporating factors like remaining energy, number of neighboring nodes and vacant channels and selects nodes with the maximum weighted sum of residual energy and available channels as final CHs. Our previous work ISSMCRP 26 accounts for the influence of sensing errors on network performance. ISSMCRP calculates the detection level function for available channels and selects nodes with strong detection capability, high remaining energy, and large number of neighbors as CHs.…”

“…Node i beyond the first layer determines its cluster radius R c [ l ( i )] by using Eq. ( 18 ) in reference 26 . Here, l ( i ) represents the layer number of node i .…”

“…The sink consistently supplies RF energy to CRSNs nodes over a fixed time period t EH = 0.2 s. Given that the maximum transmission range R t of CRSNs nodes is 50 m, the entire network is divided into 3 layers, indicating that CRSNs nodes belong to either layer 1, 2, or 3. The cluster radii for layer 2 and layer 3 are determined using the theoretical derivation method in our previous work 26 . Each surviving node in every round must transmit the monitoring data collected from the environment to the sink.…”

“…Additionally, while maintaining the same network radius, we increased the number of CRSNs nodes from 450 to 900 to explore the impact of node density on the performance of ES-ISSMCRP protocol, i.e., the node density has doubled compared to its original value. The additional parameters for the simulation are detailed in Table 2 8 , 15 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 38 , 39 .…”

Energy and Spectrum Aware Clustering Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

“…Even though, they reduced the communication overhead, they didn't concentrate on path selection through which the data reaches the sink node. J. Wang and C. Liu [13] proposed an imperfect spectrum sensing-based multihop clustering routing protocol (ISSMCRP) to alleviate the impact of imperfect spectrum sensing on network performance. They selected the CH using detection level of available channels with high spectrum sensing capability.…”