Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

Vaitkus, Audrius; Čygas, Donatas; Jasiūnienė, Vilma; Jateikienė, Laura; Andriejauskas, Tadas; Skrodenis, Dovydas; Ratkeviciute, Kornelija

doi:10.7307/ptt.v29i3.2265

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Positive effects for a similar broader set of indicators are also reported in a study from the United Kingdom [57], which monitored and evaluated nine pilot areas for the conversion of residential neighbourhoods into calm residential zones (so-called Home zones), and in a report from Vitoria-Gasteiz in Spain [58], which examined the setup of a pilot traffic-friendly area (so-called Superblock). These two documents are a rare example of monitoring and evaluating a wider range of comprehensive traffic calming effects as opposed to a large number of studies focusing on traffic safety and vehicle flows and speeds reduction [23,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Traffic Calming as a Key Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans—Impacts of a Neighbourhood Redesign in Ljutomer

Balant

Lep

2020

Sustainability

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Negative impacts of motor vehicle traffic in cities are still increasing despite the objectives that sustainable mobility paradigm put forward almost three decades ago. Measures to reduce them still primarily focus on traffic safety improvements through vehicle speeds and flows reduction (traffic calming). Comprehensive traffic calming, a measure of sustainable urban mobility planning, targets the issue more comprehensively by also addressing changes in travel behaviour and quality of life. Literature covering the effects of measures addressing all listed aspects is scarce. In this paper, we present results of a longitudinal study of a comprehensive traffic calming redesign of a residential neighbourhood in Ljutomer in Slovenia. The following set of indicators was monitored: travel habits of neighbourhood residents, quality of living environment, acceptability of redesign, vehicle flows, speeds and classes, and traffic accidents. Motorized traffic counts, pilot interviews, postal and in-person surveys and public databases on traffic accidents were used to gather data before and after the redesign. All monitored indicators showed positive results. Around a third of residents claim to walk, cycle and socialize more than before the redesign while around two thirds state that the quality of life in the neighbourhood has improved. Vehicle speeds, flows and peak hour flows have notably decreased, and road safety has improved. The results show that the comprehensive traffic calming approach has a broad range of positive effects and contributes to achieving sustainable mobility. Its potential for a wider use in sustainable urban mobility planning practice is substantial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Traffic Calming as a Key Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans—Impacts of a Neighbourhood Redesign in Ljutomer

Balant

Lep

2020

Sustainability

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“…If obtained values are compared with previous studies in the literature, it must be said that Ewing [29] indicated a speed increase between 0.26 and 0.53 km/h every additional 10 m distance and in this study speed increases between 0.55 and 0.75 km/h were obtained, implying that at present, drivers tend to accelerate more rapidly between TCMs. Vaitkus et al [57] recommended a maximum distance of 200 m, 100 m, and 75 m, for speed limits of 50 km/h, 40 km/h and 30 km/h, respectively. Using developed models, for a V 85 of 50 km/h a maximum distance of 200 m is also recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kveladze and Agerholm [55] observed that variable spacing influenced the median speed in the intermediate points of the segments, but without providing any specific relationship. Yeo et al [56] analyzed the influence of speed humps on the 85th percentile of the speed distribution and suggested that a spacing of 20 m to achieve a speed of 30 km/h, and a maximum of 70 m. Similarly, Vaitkus et al [57] concluded that when two TCMs were spaced more than 200 m, drivers accelerate until 10 km/h over the speed limit of 50 km/h and recommended a spacing of 150-200 m, 100 m and 75 m for speed limits of 50, 40 and 30 km/h, respectively. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the speed in the intermediate points between vertical traffic calming measures and relate it with the distance between them to propose models for predicting the speed in those midpoints.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Series of Vertical Deflections, a Promising Traffic Calming Measure: Analysis and Recommendations for Spacing

et al. 2020

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Traffic calming measures (TCM) are placed in urban areas to improve road safety, and among them, vertical TCMs are widely employed. Many researches are focused on the influence of the geometry of each measure on speed reduction, but it is demonstrated that drivers forget its effect and speed up after it. Therefore, placing consecutive TCMs can help to maintain a safe area. However, scarce literature can be found about the adequate spacing between them. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze the adequate distance between TCMs. Various streets with variable distances and different vertical TCMs were evaluated in Poland and Spain, including raised crosswalks, raised intersections, speed humps and speed cushions. The intermediate point between two TCMs was selected as the place where the maximum speed is achieved. Results showed that there was a good correlation between the speeds at intermediate points and the distance between TCMs, with a determination coefficient around 0.80. For an 85th percentile of the speed under 50 km/h, a maximum distance of 200 m between TCMs is recommended, and for a value of 40 km/h, 75 m.

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“…The experience of EU cities that have completed the process of developing and implementing SUMPs indicates that this results in economic benefits [65,66], benefits from reducing dependence on cars [67], benefits from traffic calming measures [68,69], and benefits for cyclists' safety [70] and traffic safety as a whole [71], thus achieving the final goal of improving quality of life for all citizens [16,72]. Based on these experiences, it is realistic to expect that the implementation of the SUMP will provide a better quality of life for the citizens of Podgorica.…”

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confidence: 99%

Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro

et al. 2021

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The paper presents the results of the application of a practical approach for collecting data, which provides a simple, cost efficient, and easily reproducible method that was applied to obtain the necessary data for the status analysis of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) for Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. Important data for the estimation of the existing condition of the traffic system were collected through desk research from the appropriate institutions and organizations. Several surveys and focus group interviews were conducted, in which about 5000 residents of Podgorica participated. In addition to answering questions, residents made numerous suggestions, confirming the correctness of a participatory approach in the new traffic planning paradigm that provides the SUMP with crucial advantages. A manual cordon count of traffic on five bridges for the traffic of the motor vehicles, as well as on two pedestrian-only bridges, was performed by students from the study program Road Traffic, and there are plans to repeat this in the coming years in order to enable more reliable monitoring and evaluation of the obtained data. Contemporary quality management tools such as BYPAD and ParkPAD were also used to assess the status of cycling and parking policy, respectively. It is especially important to emphasize that Podgorica is the first city in the West Balkans, and the fourth city in Europe, in which the ParkPAD tool was applied. A wide range of negative phenomena and trends was identified, like a rapid increase in the number of registered vehicles, an increase in the motorization rate and the number of traffic accidents, increased non-compliance with traffic rules, excessive use of passenger cars and auto-taxi vehicles, insufficient use of unattractive public transport, walking and cycling, etc. Based on the data collected, key challenges in status analysis in Podgorica were identified, which the SUMP should try to overcome.

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Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Comprehensive Traffic Calming as a Key Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans—Impacts of a Neighbourhood Redesign in Ljutomer

Comprehensive Traffic Calming as a Key Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans—Impacts of a Neighbourhood Redesign in Ljutomer

A Series of Vertical Deflections, a Promising Traffic Calming Measure: Analysis and Recommendations for Spacing

Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro

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