Negative impacts of motor vehicle traffic in cities are still increasing despite the objectives that sustainable mobility paradigm put forward almost three decades ago. Measures to reduce them still primarily focus on traffic safety improvements through vehicle speeds and flows reduction (traffic calming). Comprehensive traffic calming, a measure of sustainable urban mobility planning, targets the issue more comprehensively by also addressing changes in travel behaviour and quality of life. Literature covering the effects of measures addressing all listed aspects is scarce. In this paper, we present results of a longitudinal study of a comprehensive traffic calming redesign of a residential neighbourhood in Ljutomer in Slovenia. The following set of indicators was monitored: travel habits of neighbourhood residents, quality of living environment, acceptability of redesign, vehicle flows, speeds and classes, and traffic accidents. Motorized traffic counts, pilot interviews, postal and in-person surveys and public databases on traffic accidents were used to gather data before and after the redesign. All monitored indicators showed positive results. Around a third of residents claim to walk, cycle and socialize more than before the redesign while around two thirds state that the quality of life in the neighbourhood has improved. Vehicle speeds, flows and peak hour flows have notably decreased, and road safety has improved. The results show that the comprehensive traffic calming approach has a broad range of positive effects and contributes to achieving sustainable mobility. Its potential for a wider use in sustainable urban mobility planning practice is substantial.
Abstract. Border regions of EU countries are confronted with changes of spatial and economical development. The lack of border crossing strategic information system for regional planning purposes reflects in non-intense cooperation in the field of regional development strategies harmonization. The article presents the methodology developed during Interreg III B project REDECON. Grid-based database with GIS interface, merging socio-economic, environmental and spatial data with vector-based network accessibility data, what enable the public planning departments to analyze and simulate different policy measures concerning transport. The article is focused on the modifications of (during project REDECON) developed methodology, which enable besides cross-border spatial analysis also analysis of current status of public transport demand and supply for finding the areas, where the supply of public transport services does not reach the demand for public transport services. It describes the methodology for selecting the main indicator thematic groups for different public transport demand types, the characterization (evaluation) of suitability of locations in respect to the balance between public transport supply and demand. At the end of the article the results of methodology application are presented on the regional pilot project concerning accessibility of pilot area, regional public transport demands and regional optimization of the public transport supply.
Abstract:The article represents so called "engineering" approach for computing the total road transport congestion costs. According to economic welfare theory, the total costs of transport congestion are defined as dead weight loss (DWL) of infrastructure use. With a set of equations DWL could be formulated in a mathematical way. Because such form of equation is not directly applicable for concrete road network calculations it should be transformed into "engineering" form, which comprises transport engineering related data as classified road links, traffic volumes, passenger unit costs, etc. The equation is well applicable on the interurban road network; adaptations are needed for the urban road network cost calculations, where time losses are not so much related to the link travel time. The final equation was derived for the purposes of national road congestion cost calculation.
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