Traditional Risk Factors for Stroke in East Asia

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. The occurrence of stroke is strongly dependent on well-known vascular risk factors. After rapid modernization, urbanization, and mechanization, East Asian countries have experienced growth in their aged populations, as well as changes in lifestyle and diet. This phenomenon has increased the prevalence of vascular risk factors among Asian populations, which are susceptible to developing cardiovascular risk factors. However, differing patterns of stroke risk factor profiles have been noted in East Asian countries over the past decades. Even though the prevalence of vascular risk factors has changed, hypertension is still prevalent and the burden of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia will continue to increase. Asia remains a high tobacco-consuming area. Although indicators of awareness and management of vascular risk factors have increased in many East Asian countries, their rates still remain low. Here we review the burdens of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking in East Asia. We will also discuss the different associations between these vascular risk factors and stroke in Asian and non-Asian populations.

Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in East/Southeast Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…A greater reduction from baseline in SBP was observed with ertugliflozin treatment compared with placebo and glimepiride in the E/SE Asian population. The SBP lowering may be of particular relevance in East Asia, given the high burden of stroke in this region . The ongoing VERTIS CV trial, which enrolled 522 (6%) patients from Asia, will evaluate the impact of ertugliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM …”

“…The SBP lowering may be of particular relevance in East Asia, given the high burden of stroke in this region. 21,22 The ongoing VERTIS CV trial, which enrolled 522 (6%) patients from Asia, will evaluate the impact of ertugliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM. 23 Overall, the efficacy of ertugliflozin in the E/SE Asian and non-E/ SE Asian populations was generally consistent with results for the total cohorts for the placebo pool 18 and the active-comparator study, 11 as well as with the overall population of patients with T2DM in the phase 3 VERTIS programme 9,[11][12][13][14][15] (excluding the VERTIS RENAL study, which assessed patients with T2DM and stage 3 chronic kidney disease).…”

The comparison of traditional vascular risk factor between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic stroke

“…Hypertension was main vascular risk factor in both Group but it was more common in hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 2,528, 95% CI: 0,069; 0,316, p < 0,002). Dyslipidemia was a protective factor against hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 0,147, 95% CI: 1,415;4,516, p < 0,001). Diabetes was more common in ischemic stroke compared with hemorrhagic stroke (68% and 32%) respectively.…”

“…The understanding about the risk factors and its management need to be used to design strategies to prevent both primary and secondary stroke. 4 The traditional vascular risk factors are older age, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease/atrial fibrillation, and dyslipidemia.…”

Trends of Cerebrovascular Diseases at Department of Neurology Tuzla

“…In other studies, the leading risk factor is hypertension, followed by diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which are rising in the recent years (11,12). In the study by Khan et al, the majority of patients had multiple risk factors which included hypertension (65%), smoking (32%), diabetes mellitus (36.3%), dyslipidemia (32.7%), coronary artery disease (9%), obesity (18%), epilepsy (16.3%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (3.6%) (13).…”