Backround: It is very important to know and detect various stroke symptoms because stroke is an emergency condition. Lack of knowledge about stroke symptoms leads to delay on stroke treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare clinical symptoms and risk factors between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: This study was a case control study. The subjects in this study were ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Subjects' data were recorded in electronic stroke registry at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta. Results: The most common clinical symptoms in both groups were limb weakness (76.4% vs 71.4%), whereas the rarest was face drooping (2% vs 3.6%). Hypertension was the most common risk factor in both group (48% vs 71.4%), whereas atrial fibrillation was the rarest. This study did not find the specific correlation between any clinical symptoms to ischemic stroke incidence, however, decrease a level of consciousness was significant to hemorrhagic stroke incidence (OR: 2.738, 95% CI: 1.503-4.990, p: 0.001). Previous stroke (OR: 2.413, 95% CI: 1.314-4.433, p: 0.005) and dyslipidemia (OR: 4.862, 95% CI: 2.613-9.045, p: 0.000) were significant increasing risk of ischemic stroke. Hypertension was only the significant increasing risk of hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 3.680, 95% CI: 2.086-6.492, p: 0.000). Conclusion: Decrease level of consciousness has a significant correlation to hemorrhagic stroke incidence, but there is no specific symptom correlate to ischemic stroke incidence. Previous stroke and dyslipidemia are significant risk factors for ischemic stroke, whereas hypertension is the only significant risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke.Latar Belakang: Sangat penting untuk mengetahui dan mendeteksi gejala stroke dengan segera karena penanganan stroke berpacu dengan waktu. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai gejala stroke akan mengakibatkan keterlambatan dalam penanganan stroke. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan gejala klinis dan faktor risiko pada pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kasus kontrol. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik yang tergister elekronik di Rumah Sakit Bethesda, Yogyakarta. Hasil: Gejala klinis yang paling sering muncul pada kedua grup adalah kelemahan anggota gerak (76.4% vs 71.4%), sedangkan gejala klinis yang paling jarang adalah wajah perot (2% vs 3.6%). Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko stroke yang paling sering dijumpai pada kedua grup (48% vs 71.4%), sedangkan atrial fibrilasi paling jarang dijumpai. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya gejala khusus yang
Pendahuluan: Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira sp. Lepstospirosis banyak dijumpai di negara tropis dan negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Timbulnya atau meningkatnya kejadian kesakitan dan atau kematian yang bermakna secara epidemiologi pada suatu daerah dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan merupakan keadaan yang dapat menjurus pada terjadinya wabah disebut sebagai kejadian luar biasa (KLB). Selama ini belum pernah terdapat kasus leptospirosis yang dijumpai di Magetan, Jawa Timur. Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan kronologi KLB leptospirosis di Magetan, Jawa Timur. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pasien perempuan berusia 40 tahun datang ke Puskesmas Panekan, Magetan, Jawa Timur dengan keluhan demam sejak 6 hari sebelumnya disertai dengan mual, muntah, nyeri di perut sebelah kanan, nyeri pada kedua betis, sesak nafas, dan mata berubah menjadi berwarna kuning. Pasien menjalani rawat inap di Puskesmas. Dari hasil pemeriksaan darah dan urin, diperoleh leukositosis, peningkatan SGOT, SGPT, alkalin phosphatase, BUN, kreatinin, serta proteinuria dan hematuria. Pada hari kedua rawat inap, pasien mengeluh pandangan menjadi kabur, demam semakin meningkat, buang air kecil semakin sedikit dan disertai rasa nyeri. Pasien dirujuk ke rumah sakit umum daerah, tetapi pasien meninggal pada hari kesembilan dari onset penyakit dan rapid diagnostic test (RDT) belum sempat dilakukan. Kasus ini termasuk dalam kasus suspek leptospirosis. Meskipun belum sempat dilakukan pemeriksaan RDT, Dinas Kesehatan Magetan sepakat menyatakan kasus ini sebagai kasus KLB oleh karena hingga menimbulkan kematian. Kesimpulan: Kasus ini digolongkan sebagai KLB di Magetan, Jawa Timur oleh karena adanya kematian pada pasien dengan suspek leptospirosis.
Background<br />Stroke is the main cause of disability and death in many countries. The high incidence of disability in stroke survivors requires special attention to determine various predictive factors of disability. This study aimed to identify the various predictive factors of disability in ischemic stroke.<br /><br />Methods<br />This study was a cross sectional study on 4510 ischemic stroke patients. Each patient’s data had been recorded in the electronic stroke registry of Bethesda Hospital. Ischemic stroke diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT scan, which was interpreted by a neurologist and a radiologist. Disability was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. Predictors of disability were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the data. <br /><br />Results<br />The subjects were predominantly males, >60 years of age, and suffered stroke for the first time. The incidence of disability was 31.5% (1420/4510). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of complications (OR: 6.43; 95% CI: 4.74-8.73; p<0.001), decreased level of consciousness (OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 3.95-5.90; p <0.001), onset ³3 hours (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.52-2.45; p<0.001), recurrent stroke (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.39-1.90; p<0.001), and age >60 years (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.35-1.79; p<0.001) were independent predictive factors of disability.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />We demonstrated that a substantial proportion of patients with ischemic stroke become disabled. And the presence of complications was the most predictive factor of disability in ischemic stroke.
Background: Vertigo is the subtype of dizziness and impair patients' health-related quality of life. Betahistine is generally well-tolerated as an anti-vertigo drug. This systematic review aimed to identify the effectiveness Objective: of betahistine in vertigo patients Systematic research was done by using PubMed and Cochrane. with. Methods: following terms to search: "vertigo medication", "betahistine", "betahistine dihydrochloride", "betahistine mesilate", and "betahistine in vertigo". The quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) study is assesed by using Jadad score by and he selected studies were reviewed by using PRISMA checklist as the guidance. There were 2669 citation t Results: from PubMed and Cohcrane. After adjusting for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final result was a total 6 RCT studies included in this review. One study was discarded because lack of quality as an RCT study, thus remained 5 studies. All selected studies were RCT published in English within the last 10 years, involved subjects with vertigo. Each study was compared betahistine to: different dose of betahistine, diuretics, promethazine, dietary salt restriction, or Semont's maneuver. Among 5 studies, 4 studies prove betahistine is an effective drug in vertigo Conclusion: treatment.
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