Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria in Africa

Mohammed, Mohammed Sayed Aly

doi:10.1021/bk-2009-1021.ch012

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These plants were first described by Henri Baillon as small trees with a pleasant smell that were widely distributed in the northern and eastern parts of Madagascar. The decoctions of the bark and root bark have a distinct pepper-like taste, and essential oils obtained from their different parts have been used by Malagasy people for generations as a traditional medicine for malaria, respiratory problems, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal infections [22,23,24,25,26]. The use of Cinnamosma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activities of Malagasy Medicinal Plant (Cinnamosma sp.) Extracts and Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Inocente

Nguyen

Manwill

et al. 2019

Insects

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The overuse of insecticides with limited modes of action has led to resistance in mosquito vectors. Thus, insecticides with novel modes of action are needed. Secondary metabolites in Madagascan plants of the genus Cinnamosma (Canellaceae) are commonly used in traditional remedies and known to elicit antifeedant and toxic effects in insect pests. Here we test the hypothesis that extracts of Cinnamosma sp. enriched in drimane sesquiterpenes are toxic and/or antifeedant to the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. We show that the bark and root extracts, which contain a higher abundance of drimane sesquiterpenes compared to leaves, were the most efficacious. Screening isolated compounds revealed cinnamodial to be the primary driver of adulticidal activity, whereas cinnamodial, polygodial, cinnafragrin A, and capsicodendrin contributed to the larvicidal activity. Moreover, an abundant lactone (cinnamosmolide) in the root extract synergized the larvicidal effects of cinnamodial. The antifeedant activity of the extracts was primarily contributed to cinnamodial, polygodial, and cinnamolide. Parallel experiments with warburganal isolated from Warburgia ugandensis (Canellaceae) revealed that aldehydes are critical for—and a hydroxyl modulates—insecticidal activity. Our results indicate that plant drimane sesquiterpenes provide valuable chemical platforms for developing insecticides and repellents to control mosquito vectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activities of Malagasy Medicinal Plant (Cinnamosma sp.) Extracts and Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Inocente

Nguyen

Manwill

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…Most contemporary research into African antimalarial plants has been directed towards finding an African equivalent to quinine or artemisinin and is based almost entirely on in vitro screening [12, 13]. A study of Kenyan antimalarial plants concluded that the majority of extracts had low or no activity, with a best IC 50 value of 3.65 μ g/mL [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the aura of secrecy in African ethnomedicine, a considerable catalog of plant species and medicinal applications has emerged over time, providing an extensive inventory of candidates for evaluation [ 10 , 11 ]. Most contemporary research into African antimalarial plants has been directed towards finding an African equivalent to quinine or artemisinin and is based almost entirely on in vitro screening [ 12 , 13 ]. A study of Kenyan antimalarial plants concluded that the majority of extracts had low or no activity, with a best IC 50 value of 3.65 μ g/mL [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Paradigm for the Role of Antimalarial Plants in Africa

Maranz

2012

The Scientific World Journal

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Most investigations into the antimalarial activity of African plants are centered on finding an indigenous equivalent to artemisinin, the compound from which current frontline antimalarial drugs are synthesized. As a consequence, the standard practice in ethnopharmacological research is to usein vitroassays to identify compounds that inhibit parasites at nanomolar concentrations. This approach fails to take into consideration the high probability of acquisition of resistance to parasiticidal compounds since parasite populations are placed under direct selection for genetic that confers a survival advantage. Bearing in mind Africa's long exposure to malaria and extensive ethnobotanical experimentation with both therapies and diet, it is more likely that compounds not readily overcome byPlasmodiumparasites would have been retained in the pharmacopeia and cuisine. Such compounds are characterized by acting primarily on the host rather than directly targeting the parasite and thus cannot be adequately exploredin vitro. If Africa's long history with malaria has in fact produced effective plant therapies, their scientific elucidation will require a major emphasis onin vivoinvestigation.

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African Indigenous Knowledge and the Disciplines

Emeagwali

Dei²

2014

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Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria in Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activities of Malagasy Medicinal Plant (Cinnamosma sp.) Extracts and Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activities of Malagasy Medicinal Plant (Cinnamosma sp.) Extracts and Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

An Alternative Paradigm for the Role of Antimalarial Plants in Africa

African Indigenous Knowledge and the Disciplines

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