“…In fact, most low-income farmers have started to look for alternatives in non-agricultural fields to improve their socio-economic level. At the same time, changes in land productivity have led to the process of farmers' migration to farms and plantations as a result of the introduction of waged labour system (Chamhuri & Norshamliza, 2006;Nor Aini, 2006;Abdullah, Othman, Jani, Bartholomew, Pesiu, & Abdullah , 2020).…”