“Traditional” and “Healthy” Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Low Cardiometabolic Risk in Brazilian Subjects

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the dietary patterns and investigating their association with cardiometabolic risk markers in a brazilian population at risk. This transversal study was carried out with data of 265 patients (n = 123 M/172 W, age 42 ± 16 years) of the Cardiovascular Health Care Program—PROCARDIO-UFV, Brazil—who had their first appointment between 2012 and 2017. A 24-hour recall was applied. The dietary patterns were determined by Principal Component Analysis. Anthropometric, clinical-metabolic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle data were collected through medical record analysis. Five patterns were identified: “Traditional”, “Caloric”, “Unhealthy”, “Healthy,” and “Healthy Snacks”. In bivariate analysis, the “Healthy” pattern was negatively associated with WC (waist circunference), BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), SBP (systolic blood pressure), fasting glucose, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL values and positively to HDL. The “Traditional” pattern was positively associated with adiposity indicators (WC, BMI, and WHR) and negatively associated with body fat, TyG (triglyceride-glucose index), HDL, and LDL (P < 0.05). However, in adjusted models of Poisson regression, individuals with positive factor score (higher adherence) in the “Traditional” and “Healthy” patterns had less occurrence of abdominal obesity (PR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.99/PR 0.88; 95% CI 0.02–0.76), as well as dyslipidemia (PR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02–0.51/PR 0.03; 95% CI 0.01–0.27), diabetes (PR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01–0.45/PR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01–021), and hypertension (PR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02–0.50/PR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01–0.21). A greater adherence to the “Healthy” pattern was associated with lower values to cardiometabolic risk markers and less occurrence of chronic diseases, while the “Traditional” pattern presented contradictory results.

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

“…The dietary patterns were determined by PCA, as previously described [28]. Five patterns were identified as "Traditional", "Caloric", "Unhealthy", "Healthy" and "Healthy Snacks".…”

Validação relativa de um questionário de frequência alimentar e associação de padrões alimentares com excesso de peso e porcentagem de gordura corporal em adultos de uma coorte brasileira

“…Recentemente, diversos estudos têm utilizado, além do IMC, a porcentagem de gordura corporal como desfecho para excesso de peso e obesidade. (DEL MAR BIBILONI et al, 2017;EGG et al, 2019;GONG et al, 2017;JAYASINGHE et al, 2019;LIN et al, 2019;NERI-SÁNCHEZ et al, 2018;SCHRIJVERS et al, 2016;SILVEIRA et al, 2018;TUCKER et al, 2015;YE et al, 2019).…”

“…(FILHO; ASSIS; KAC, 2007, p. 371) Nesse contexto, o consumo alimentar, um fator de risco modificável para o desenvolvimento de excesso de peso, tem se mostrado como um dos maiores determinantes de saúde nos dias atuais. Vários estudos têm apontado que a melhora no consumo alimentar tende a melhorar também a saúde do indivíduo em relação ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (ROCHA et al, 2019;SILVEIRA et al, 2018).…”

“…Também são encontrados em muitos estudos os padrões "prudent", "healthy", "Mediterranean" ou "traditional", que são caracterizados por serem mais saudáveis pela presença de frutas, vegetais e alimentos típicos de cada cultura, além de serem associados a melhores desfechos de saúde. (BORGES et al, 2015;EGG et al, 2019;JAYASINGHE et al, 2019;OLINTO, 2007;ROCHA et al, 2019;SILVEIRA et al, 2018).…”

“…Ainda em T2, a maior escolaridade se mostrou protetora contra a %GC acima da média no modelo ajustado. De acordo com Silveira et al (2018), mesmo que o aumento da escolaridade e consequentemente da renda estejam associados a maior acesso aos alimentos, as escolhas alimentares possuem muitos determinantes. No estudo de Xu et al (2016), por exemplo, a alta escolaridade está associada ao padrão "Moderno", caracterizado por uma alimentação não saudável e relacionado a aumento de peso.…”