Trade liberalization and R&D activity: examining long-run and short-run linkages for individual and panel of leading countries and groups

Does Innovation Make Nations More Healthy? Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries

“…To produce good , the R&D sector has to employ skilled labor with capital. To be more specific, here, we assume that fixed amount of health-specific skilled labor ( ) is required to make innovation, and the same innovation also needs units of R&D capital per unit of production or units of R&D investment per unit of output (Das & Chatterjee, 2020 ). Given the aforesaid arrangement along with free entry and monopolistic competition give us the liberty to demonstrate the following price equals to average cost expression for a representative R&D augmented health firm ( ): where, , is the price of the innovation innovated by the i th R&D augmented health firm; and R R&D are the rate of return to the skill labor and R&D capital, respectively.…”

“…Using Eqs. ( 1) and ( 2), we find the following expressions Using (3) and ( 4) one can obtain Following Das and Chatterjee (2020) and by assuming ŴS = 0 , we get the Eq. ( 5) in the following form Equation ( 6) can be rewritten as Equation (6.1) illustrates the positive relationship between health and investment in R&D, as {(1∕(E i − 1))𝛽R R&D }∕(𝜂W H ∕H i )] > 0 .…”

Analysis of the Growth in the Number of Patents Granted and Its Effect over the Level of Growth of the Countries: An Econometric Estimation of the Mixed Model Approach

“…The paper [27] indicates that there are long-term equilibrium relationships in the panel data format, unlike the situations of countries and individual groups, between R&D and international trade. According to [28], there is a stable long-term relationship between technological innovation and its determinants (such as the digital economy, bank finance, R&D spending, GDP and financial risk, which according to [29] incorporates country risk).…”

Does Technological Progress Promote or Prevent Trade Conflict? Evidence From China

“…Fast TP in less developed countries may threaten the interests of technologically advanced countries, leading to more TC initially, but it may prevent TC when the technology achieves further advancement. In particular, TP can facilitate the production of cheaper and irreplaceable products (Das & Chatterjee, 2021), which increases global welfare and contributes to free trade, thereby preventing TC. In general, TC among different countries is becoming increasingly fierce in international trade (Liu et al, 2020).…”