Tractional Abnormalities of the Central Foveal Bouquet in Epiretinal Membranes: Clinical Spectrum and Pathophysiological Perspectives

Premacular membrane formation after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: prospective study and pathophysiological insights

“…Although speculative, the pathophysiological mechanism leading to the postoperative development and progression of PMMs in detachments involving the macula may deeply involve Müller cell activity, which may be particularly significant in the central fovea 26. Accordingly, the present report follows the current trend of thought that PMM formation may not be simply a premacular phenomenon, involving also deeper retinal layers 22 26 27…”

Distinctive Mechanisms and Patterns of Exudative Versus Tractional Intraretinal Cystoid Spaces as Seen With Multimodal Imaging

“…Qualitative assessment included the evaluation of the following characteristics: presence of leakage, staining or pooling with FA, anomalous hyper and/or hypofluorescence patterns with BFAF, assessment of the shape, distribution and localization of hyporeflective intraretinal cystoid spaces as noted with cross sectional and en-face OCT, the presence of cone bouquet abnormalities as defined by previous literature, 7 and the presence of ellipsoid zone and/or external limiting membrane disruption. In addition, abnormalities of both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were assessed with OCT-A.…”

“…Recent reports have illustrated novel insights into the morphology and biomechanics of the macular region, with a distinctive focus on Müller cells, a cellular subtype considered to be a key player in the development of both exudative and tractional cystoid spaces. 6,7 Such a pathoanatomical approach coupled with multimodal imaging analysis may help to distinguish exudative and tractional forms of intraretinal cystoid spaces, providing a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions. Therefore, we designed this retrospective study incorporating recent biomechanical theories and multimodal imaging with the aim to better characterize the different forms of macular edema and determine clear-cut distinctions between tractional and exudative intraretinal cystoid spaces using advanced retinal imaging.…”

Cross-Sectional Imaging Analysis of Epiretinal Membrane Involvement in Unilateral Open-Angle Glaucoma Severity

“…Recently, multiple studies have reported the visual outcomes in eyes with an ERM, in which retinal ganglion or inner nuclear layer cellular damage was induced, owing to inner retinal layer traction, through the inner retinal thickness or the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness. 33,34 Increasing GC-IPL thickness at the macula and irregularity of the inner retinal layers seen on OCT images were associated significantly with decreased VA. 35,36 The current findings indicated that the pathogenesis of glaucomatous severity in eyes with an ERM can attribute to development of ERM traction on the inner retina. We propose that the centripetal traction induced by ERMs may cause mechanical stress on the neural fibers in a vertical direction to the optic disc cup.…”