Tract-based diffusion tensor imaging in patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings

Boos, Heleen B. M.; Mandl, René C.W.; Haren, Neeltje E.M. van; Cahn, Wiepke; Baal, G. Caroline M. van; Kahn, René S.; Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.015

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…77,79 Another potential limitation is that no significant baseline differences between patients and controls in FA were found. Although this is consistent with some earlier studies, 80,81 in a meta-analysis of DTI studies FA was lower in patients. 4 Therefore we cannot predict how our findings will extend to patients with more severe white matter abnormalities, either through more or less prominent improvements in fiber integrity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

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103

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It has been shown that learning a new skill leads to structural changes in the brain. However, it is unclear whether it is the acquisition or continuous practicing of the skill that causes this effect and whether brain connectivity of patients with schizophrenia can benefit from such practice. We examined the effect of 6 months exercise on a stationary bicycle on the brain in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Biking is an endemic skill in the Netherlands and thus offers an ideal situation to disentangle the effects of learning vs practice. The 33 participating patients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy individuals were assigned to either one of two conditions, ie, physical exercise or lifeas-usual, balanced for diagnosis. Diffusion tensor imaging brain scans were made prior to and after intervention. We demonstrate that irrespective of diagnosis regular physical exercise of an overlearned skill, such as bicycling, significantly increases the integrity, especially of motor functioning related, white matter fiber tracts whereas life-as-usual leads to a decrease in fiber integrity. Our findings imply that exercise of an overlearned physical skill improves brain connectivity in patients and healthy individuals. This has important implications for understanding the effect of fitness programs on the brain in both healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, the outcome may even apply to the nonphysical realm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

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103

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“…While the majority of studies investigating first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients have revealed decreasing FA in tracts compared to controls (Camchong et al, 2009;Hao et al, 2009;Hoptman et al, 2008;Munoz Maniega et al, 2008), there have been a few studies that have demonstrated increased FA (Boos et al, 2013;Hoptman et al, 2008). One possible explanation for the difference is that previous studies have examined adult relatives of patients with schizophrenia, while the present study tested adolescent relatives.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…Some of the white matter microstuctural changes that were present in the COS siblings may be compensatory, as RD and MD were positively related to learning on the WPT task in the COS siblings. Moreover, age may be a factor in the findings of a decrease in white matter in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, as studies have found that white matter directionality decreases with increasing age and in patients with illness chronicity (Boos et al, 2013;Kochunov et al, 2013;Kubicki et al, 2002;Maddah et al, 2008;Mandl et al, 2010;Rosenberger et al, 2008). Thus, the deficit in white matter directionality that has been found in adult relatives of patients with schizophrenia may reflect an increased rate of loss of white matter integrity which is not yet apparent in the adolescent relatives of COS patients.…”

Section: Phreniamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One reason for greater white matter FA in COS siblings could be progressive gray matter loss during adolescence (Cannon et al, 2015;Gogtay et al, 2007;Wagshal et al, 2015), which could reflect abnormalities in synaptic pruning (Glausier and Lewis, 2013;Sekar et al, 2016) or an increase in myelinated white matter (Boos et al, 2013). Some of the white matter microstuctural changes that were present in the COS siblings may be compensatory, as RD and MD were positively related to learning on the WPT task in the COS siblings.…”

Section: Phreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gogtay et al (2012) and Moran et al (2015) found a delayed white matter growth trajectory and decreased FA in adolescent COS siblings, Boos et al (2013) and Hoptman et al (2008), found increased FA in adult first-degree relatives of AOS, while others (Harms et al, 2015;Koivukangas et al, 2015) found no differences in AOS relatives compared to controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DTI microstructural abnormalities in adolescent siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia

Waltzman

Knowlton

Cohen

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Delayed White Matter Growth Trajectory in Young Nonpsychotic Siblings of Patients With Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Gogtay

Hou²,

Stidd³

et al. 2012

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context Nonpsychotic siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) share cortical gray matter abnormalities with their probands at an early age; these normalize by the time the siblings are aged 18 years, suggesting that the gray matter abnormalities in schizophrenia could be an age-specific endophenotype. Patients with COS also show significant white matter (WM) growth deficits, which have not yet been explored in nonpsychotic siblings. Objective To study WM growth differences in non-psychotic siblings of patients with COS. Design Longitudinal (5-year) anatomic magnetic resonance imaging study mapping WM growth using a novel tensor-based morphometry analysis. Setting National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Participants Forty-nine healthy siblings of patients with COS (mean [SD] age, 16.1[5.3] years; 19 male, 30 female) and 57 healthy persons serving as controls (age, 16.9[5.3] years; 29 male, 28 female). Intervention Magnetic resonance imaging. Main Outcome Measure White matter growth rates. Results We compared the WM growth rates in 3 age ranges. In the youngest age group (7 to <14 years), we found a significant difference in growth rates, with siblings of patients with COS showing slower WM growth rates in the parietal lobes of the brain than age-matched healthy controls (false discovery rate, q = 0.05; critical P = .001 in the bilateral parietal WM; a post hoc analysis identified growth rate differences only on the left side, critical P =.004). A growth rate difference was not detectable at older ages. In 3-dimensional maps, growth rates in the siblings even appeared to surpass those of healthy individuals at later ages, at least locally in the brain, but this effect did not survive a multiple comparisons correction. Conclusions In this first longitudinal study of nonpsychotic siblings of patients with COS, the siblings showed early WM growth deficits, which normalized with age. As reported before for gray matter, WM growth may also be an age-specific endophenotype that shows compensatory normalization with age.

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Tract-based diffusion tensor imaging in patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings

Cited by 65 publications

References 46 publications

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

DTI microstructural abnormalities in adolescent siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia

Delayed White Matter Growth Trajectory in Young Nonpsychotic Siblings of Patients With Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

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