Tracks of labour market attachment in early middle age: A trajectory analysis over 12 years

Virtanen, Pekka; Lipiäinen, Liudmila; Hammarström, Anne; Janlert, Urban; Saloniemi, Antti; Nummi, Tapio

doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2011.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the current study we focus on depressive symptoms and on life-course trajectories examined through statuses related to education and labour market attachment (LMA). We define labour market attachment as the formal relationship with work in terms of proximity to the labour force, ranging from full-time employment to inactivity, either voluntary or involuntary [17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWhile a vast amount of studies confirm the social reproduction of class and status from one generation to the next, less is known about the role of health in the child generation for these processes. Research has shown that particularly mental distress in adolescence is important for future life chances. This study aimed to examine the importance of parental socioeconomic position and depressive symptoms in youth for life-course trajectories of education and labour market attachment among men and women.MethodsBased on four waves of questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort (n = 1,001), consisting of individuals born in 1965, three steps of gender-separate analyses were undertaken. First, the individual trajectories of education and labour market attachment from age 18 to 42 were mapped through sequence analysis. Second, cluster analysis was used to identify typical trajectories. Third, two indicators of parental socioeconomic position – occupational class and employment status – and depressive symptoms at age 16 were used in multinomial regression analyses to predict adult life-course trajectories.ResultsFour typical trajectories were identified for men, of which three were characterised by stable employment and various lengths of education, and the fourth reflected a more unstable situation. Among women, five trajectories emerged, characterised by more instability compared to men. Low parental occupational class and unemployment were significantly associated with a higher risk of ending up in less advantaged trajectories for men while, for women, this was only the case for occupational class. Youth levels of depressive symptoms did not significantly differ across the trajectories.ConclusionsThis study found support for the intergenerational reproduction of social position, particularly when measured in terms of parental occupational class. Youth depressive symptoms did not show clear differences across types of trajectories, subsequently impeding such symptoms to trigger any selection processes. While this could be a consequence of the specific framework of the current study, it may also suggest that depressive symptoms in youth are not a root cause for the more complex processes through which how social position develops across life. The possible impact of welfare and labour market policies is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

et al. 2016

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“…LCGMs are commonly used in psychology (Perlman et al 2015), behavioral studies (Pickles and Croudace 2010;Hix-Small et al 2004;Schaeffer et al 2003), criminology (Muthén 2004), and education (van Lier et al 2004), with recent applications in demography (Dariotis et al 2011;Cheadle, Amato, and King 2010) and life course research (Virtanen et al 2011). Latent class growth models are an extension of conventional growth curve models and assume that individuals are drawn from subpopulations (latent classes) that have different growth trajectories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we can use an inductive approach to allow the optimal number of classes to emerge from the data rather than determining the number of classes a priori, which may not accurately reflect the actual data. 8 We rely on the LoMendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test (LMR-LRT) (Lo, Mendell, and Rubin 2001) to determine the number of classes, mirroring the recommendation of Nylund, Asparouhov, and Muthén (2007) and applied by Virtanen et al (2011). The LMR-LRT 6 We tested the specification of the shape of the age profile to include the possibility of linearity on the logit scale, as well as extending the selected model to include a cubic term.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in partnership patterns across the life course

Perelli‐Harris¹,

Lyons-Amos²

2015

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDStudies on Europe and the US indicate that marriage has been postponed, cohabitation has increased, and unions are more likely to dissolve. However, cross-national studies documenting these trends have typically studied each transition separately. OBJECTIVEThis study aims to simultaneously capture these different partnership trends while examining heterogeneity within countries. Using latent class growth curves, we ask 1) what is changing more -the increase in premarital cohabitation or the increase in divorce and union dissolution? and 2) is cohabitation emerging as a relationship indistinguishable from marriage? These analyses also allow us to see whether changes over time follow a universal trajectory, and whether the US is an outlier in terms of relationship turnover. METHODWe use latent class growth models to trace the complexity of union formation in the United States and 14 countries in Europe by examining how union status can change between the ages of 15-45 for women born 1945-74. After determining the optimal number of latent classes, we calculate the probability of falling into each class by country and cohort. This shows the heterogeneity of union patterns across countries and over time. RESULTSIn all countries, changes in partnership patterns have been driven by the postponement of marriage. Premarital cohabitation has changed patterns of partnership behavior more than union dissolution. Cohabitation has emerged as its own class, but is not identical to

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“…One way to capture the status chains, or the passages in and the transitions between different labour market positions, is provided by trajectory analysis. Applying this method with a four-class response variable (permanent employment, non-permanent employment, unemployment and out of the labour force), the members of the Northern Swedish Cohort have been clustered into six different ‘LMA tracks’ 2. For the trajectory analysis of the present study, LMA was measured by a 10-class indicator, in order to articulate in more detail the trajectories of non-permanent employment and their association with health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of labour market attachment as a determinant of health status: a 12-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveThe present study aims at using trajectory analysis to measure labour market attachment (LMA) over 12 years and at examining whether labour market tracks relate to perceived health status.DesignData were retrieved from a 26-year prospective cohort study, the Northern Swedish Cohort.Setting and participantsAll ninth grade students (n=1083) within the municipality of Luleå in northern Sweden were included in the baseline investigation in 1981. The vast majority (94%) of the original cohort participated at the fourth follow-up. In this study, 969 participants were included.MeasuresPerceived health status (psychological distress and non-optimal self-rated health) at age 42 and the data obtained from questionnaires.ResultsWe have identified four tracks in relation to LMA across the 12-year period: ‘permanent’, ‘high level’, ‘strengthening’ and ‘poor level’ of attachment. LMA history relates to psychological distress. High level (OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.27)), strengthening (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.93)) and poor attachment (OR 3.14 (95% CI 2.10 to 4.70) involve higher OR for psychological distress compared with permanent attachment. The overall p value remained significant in the final model (p=0.001). Analyses regarding non-optimal self-rated health displayed a similar pattern but this was not significant in the final model.ConclusionsOur results suggest that health status in mid-life, particularly psychological distress, is related to patterns of LMA history, to a large part independently of other social risk factors and previous health. Consideration of heterogeneity and time in LMA might be important when analysing associations with perceived health.

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Tracks of labour market attachment in early middle age: A trajectory analysis over 12 years

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

Changes in partnership patterns across the life course

History of labour market attachment as a determinant of health status: a 12-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort

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